Les journées ne durent plus: Psychopathological Proper Time in German and French Literature from the Late 19th to Mid-20th Century

该项目的目标是对文学文本进行全面研究，试图将适当的时间视为精神疾病的“主要症状”。因此，为了定义适当的时间，同时代人断言，在非精神疾病环境中，客观的、外部的、定量的时间和内在的、定性的经验都是不同的。这个项目将通过分析19世纪末至20世纪初的德国和法国文学，考虑到它与当代精神病学和时间哲学领域的复杂相互关系，为文学研究做出贡献。因此，除了文学文本之外，还有必要考虑精神病学文本。一方面，精神病学文本得益于文学文本，但另一方面，文学也指精神病学文本，以适应人物、情节发展和文学措辞或审美模式的发展和星座。该项目将区分神经症和精神病的范式，尽管在时间上有一定的重叠，但它们仍然位于不同的领域：根据最初的考虑，德国和法国文学对(隐含的)适当时间和神经症精神病之间的关系的高度兴趣跨越了19世纪90年代到20世纪20年代，而精神障碍框架内的适当时间文学的高度兴趣始于1910年代。该项目的第一个工作假说认为，神经症范式中的德国(和法国)文学借鉴了创伤、健忘症和似曾相识等精神病学的思维方式，这些与其病理有关的东西确实具有年代性，但没有从病因学的角度加以阐明。因此，在文学作品中，这些思想形象常常被用时间哲学和/或神秘主义的结构模型来解释。根据第二个工作论文，在精神病学范式中，起点有点复杂：德国(和法国)文学通过以哲学和神学的方式阐明精神病学的时间概念，将自己纳入上述文学传统。然而，考虑到现在人们对精神分裂症、癫痫和其他精神障碍的更大兴趣，这一模型需要重新制定。在这种背景下，德国和法国文学与德国的格巴萨特尔、施特劳斯、雅斯贝尔斯、宾斯万格和其他人的精神病学以及法国的明可夫斯基和珍妮特的精神病学(本身以哲学为导向)进行了对话，这些人从20世纪20年代开始制定了明确的精神病理学适当时间模型。

The objective of the project is to conduct a comprehensive study of literary texts that attempt to consider proper time as a "cardinal symptom" of mental illness. Accordingly, for defining proper time contemporaries asserted a difference both to an objective, external, quantitative time and to an internal, qualitative experience in a non-mentally ill environment. This project will contribute to literary studies by analyzing German an French literature from the late 19th to the early 20th century considering its complex reciprocal relationship with the contemporary field of psychiatry and philosophy of time. Thus, it is necessary to also take psychiatric texts into consideration in addition to literary texts. On the one hand, psychiatric texts profit from literary ones and on the other, however, literature also refers to psychiatric texts in order to adapt psychiatric figures of thought with respect to the development and constellation of figures, plot development and literary diction or aesthetic models. The project will differentiate between a neurotic and psychotic paradigm, which irrespective of a certain overlap are chronologically nonetheless situated in different realms: the heightened interest of German and French literatures in the relationship between (implicit) proper time and neurotic psychopathology spans - according to initial considerations - the 90s of the 19th century to the 20s of the 20th century, while the heightened interest of literature in proper time within the framework of psychotic disorder begins in the 1910s. The first working hypothesis underlying the project maintains that German (and French) literature in the neurotic paradigm draws on psychiatric figures of thought such as trauma, amnesia and déjà vu, which pertaining to their pathology indeed possess chronological aspects, but are not spelled out nosologically. As a consequence, in literature these figures of thought are often explicated using structural models of the philosophy of time and / or mysticism. In the psychotic paradigm - according to the second working thesis - the starting point is a bit more complex: The German (and French) literature inscribes itself into the above-described literary tradition by explicating psychiatric concepts of time in a philosophical and theological manner. However, this model needs to be reformulated with respect to the now greater interest in psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia, epilepsy and others. In this context, the German and French literature engages in a dialogue with the (itself philosophically oriented) psychiatry of Gebsattel, Straus, Jaspers, Binswanger and others in Germany, and of Minkowski and Janet in France, which starting in the 1920s formulated explicit models of psychopathological proper time.