Paul Schultze-Naumburg and the aesthetics of folkishness (Volkstum) in architecture and garden culture

1900年左右，建筑和园林理论的方法发生了变化。“民间性”（Muskistum）和“民族认同”成为一种新的、整体的“表达文化”（Ferdinand Avenarius）的中心。保罗·舒尔茨-瑙姆堡（1869 - 1949）是这一发展的一个有意义的主角，在实践和理论领域都取得了成功。他是文化杂志“Kunstwart”的负责人、艺术观察家、“Kulturarbeiten”、文化研究、系列书籍的作者、俱乐部活动家和德国最大的（景观）建筑公司之一的所有者，他在传播建筑和园林艺术的民族范式方面发挥了重要作用。即使在第一次世界大战之后，舒尔茨-瑙姆堡仍然是活动的中心。他阐述了国家社会主义建筑和景观理论的基本原则，并领导了第一所拥有国家社会主义计划的高等艺术学校。直到最近，大多数建筑和景观建筑学者都声称舒尔茨-瑙姆堡从威廉敏主义文化生活的有影响力的代表到有时最重要的国家社会主义艺术理论家的转变反映了他对最初指导艺术的原则的彻底破坏。他最近有关“民间现代主义”的研究表明，这种观点不能再维持下去了。Paul Schultze-Naumburg的工作需要重新考虑，包括话语，网络和设计分析的方法。在这种新的范式的范围内，舒尔茨-瑙姆堡的理论和创造性工作的发展将被重新考虑。

Around 1900 the approaches to architectural and garden theory change. "Folkishness" (Volkstum), and "national identity" become the center of a new, holistic "expression culture" (Ferdinand Avenarius). Paul Schultze-Naumburg (1869 to 1949) a meaningful protagonist of this development is successful both in practical and theoretical fields. Head of the culture magazine "Kunstwart", art observer, author of the "Kulturarbeiten", culture studies, book series, club activist and owner of one of the largest (landscape) architecture firms in Germany, he is instrumental to spread the nationality paradigm in architecture and garden art. Even after World War One Schultze-Naumburg remains the center of activities. He states the basic principles of an approach to National Socialist architecture and landscape theory and heads the first higher art school with a National Socialist program.Until recently most architecture and landscape architecture scholars claimed Schultze-Naumburg's metamorphosis from influential representative of Wilhelminian cultural life to at times most important National Socialist art theorist reflected his categorical disruption with the principles which originally guided him. Recent research related to "folkishness modernism" suggests this view can no longer become maintained. Paul Schultze-Naumburg's work needs reconsideration which includes methods of discourse, network and design analysis. Within the context of this new paradigm the development of Schultze-Naumburg's theoretical and creative work will be reconsidered.