KOINON: Common currencies and shared identities. Understanding the structures and daily realities of Greek federal states through an analysis of coin production and coin circulation in the Aetolian and Peloponnesian Koina (5th- 1st c. BC)

该项目的目的是通过对希腊联邦国家（koina）的货币进行全面和综合的分析，从结构和日常层面更好地了解希腊联邦国家（koina）的运作。为此，选择了亚该亚、阿卡迪亚和埃托利亚的koina（公元前5 -1年）。将进行三项研究：1)权力和决策是如何划分的：一方面是国家当局，另一方面是城市的地方当局？2)联邦州内的城市融合程度如何？3)联邦身份是如何创建和传播的？在这三个方面的调查中，发展将从国联成立之时一直追溯到其解散之后。在这三条研究路线中，将使用三种互补的方法来研究钱币材料：计量学和图像学分析，硬币囤积和单一发现研究，以及考古冶金学分析。400枚硬币的考古冶金分析将使用互补的分析方法，在法兰克福大学通过多收集器质谱法进行铅同位素分析，在orlmacans的IRAMAT中心欧内斯特-巴贝隆使用FNAA（使用回旋加速器的快中子活化分析）对青铜硬币进行分析，并使用LA-ICP-MS（激光烧蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱法）对银进行分析。图尔/奥尔尔萨姆斯的历史钱币团队将负责硬币的制作、技术和图像特征，包括由硬币协会生产的硬币和由硬币协会个人成员发行的硬币。法兰克福的考古钱币团队将研究这些硬币的流通、使用和损失。两队将共同研究历史和考古背景，以将这些货币数据置于背景中。结合和整合这些结果将使我们更深入地了解铸币在古典和希腊化时期作为联邦政策和权力的工具和见证的功能。该项目的一个重要工具将是建立一个有网页链接的项目数据库，在这个数据库中可以收集和相互链接所获得的所有数据。在结果公布后，该数据库将作为在线希腊语铸币语料库（OCG）的子项目向公众开放，该数字项目即将在a . Meadows（牛津）和F. Duyrat（巴黎，法国）的授权下启动；C. Grandjean是希腊大陆造币厂的地区编辑。这一学术成果将由法国和德国研究小组共同撰写，并发表在专著上。预计将通过面向非专业听众的讲座向广大公众传播研究成果。

The aim of the project is to obtain a better understanding of the functioning of Greek federal states (koina), both at a structural and a day-to-day level, by a comprehensive and integrated analysis of their coinages. To this end the Achaean, Arcadian and Aetolian koina were selected (5th-1st c. BC). Three lines of research will be pursued: 1) How were competences and decision making divided between the authorities of the koinon on the one hand and the local authorities of the cities on the other? 2) How integrated were the cities within the federal state? 3) How was a federal identity created and communicated? In all three lines of enquiry, developments will be traced from the time of origin of the League until after its dissolution. Three complementary approaches to numismatic material will be used in these three research lines: metrological and iconographical analyses, coin hoard and single find studies, and archaeometallurgical analyses. The archaeometallurgical analysis of 400 coins will be performed, using complementary analytical methods, at the University of Frankfurt through lead isotope analysis by Multicollector mass spectrometry and at the IRAMAT Centre Ernest-Babelon at Orléans using FNAA (Fast Neutron Activation Analysis using a cyclotron) for bronze coins and LA-ICP-MS (Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry) for silver. The historical-numismatic team in Tours/Orléans will work on the production, technical and iconographical features of the coins, both those produced by the koinon as an institute and those issued by the individual members of the koinon. The archaeological-numismatic team in Frankfurt will study the circulation, use and loss of these same coinages. Together the teams will study the historical and archaeological background to contextualize the numismatic data. Combined and integrated these results will lead to more insight into the functioning of coinage as an instrument and a witness of federal policy and power during the Classical and Hellenistic periods. An important tool for the project will be the creation of a weblinked project database, where all data obtained can be gathered and interlinked. After publication of the results this database will be made accessible online to the public, as a subproject of the Online Corpus of Greek Coinage (OCG), which digital project is about to start under the authority of A. Meadows (Oxford) and F. Duyrat (Paris, BnF) ; C. Grandjean is the regional editor for the mints of mainland Greece . The scholarly results will be published in a monograph jointly written by the French and German research teams. Dissemination of the outcomes to the larger public through lectures for lay audiences is foreseen.