TDR³ - Time-dependent routing of regenerable resources

可以预计，到2050年，欧盟的公路货运将增长50%左右。由于扩大道路基础设施的可能性有限，可以预期，道路交通的增长将日益导致交通拥堵，一些路线的旅行时间将越来越取决于交通状况。由于供应链越来越同步，库存水平越来越低，及时交货变得越来越重要。如果在规划车辆路线时忽略与时间相关的旅行时间，结果将是频繁的延误和需要缓冲时间。从经济的角度来看，应该避免延迟和不必要的缓冲时间。从生态的角度来看，我们将看到电动汽车和电池驱动的汽车在公路货运中越来越重要。由于电池驱动的汽车行驶里程有限，充电时间较长，因此在车辆充电时提前计划是必不可少的。从社会的角度来看，我们可以预期道路安全和卡车司机的工作条件将稳步改善，因此，遵守服务时间法规将越来越多地被期望和强制执行。电池动力汽车的剩余行驶距离和受使用时间限制的剩余行驶时间都可以理解为可再生资源的属性。资源可以再生的周期必须安排得足够频繁，以便资源可以在不具有超出可行操作范围的属性值的情况下使用。由于上述发展，在规划路线和时间表时，必须考虑与时间有关的旅行时间以及资源的消耗和再生。本研究项目的首要目标是开发模型和方法，使运输服务提供商能够应对上述经济、生态和社会挑战。主要的科学问题和算法挑战来自于时间依赖的旅行时间与资源的分离和再生之间的相互作用，因为在时间依赖的旅行时间的文献中通常做出的先进先出假设，即更早出发意味着更早到达的假设，已经不能再做了。主要的科学目标是回答由此产生的问题，并在考虑时间依赖的旅行时间的情况下开发路线和调度可再生资源的方法。

It can be expected that road freight transport in the European Union will increase by around 50% until 2050. As possibilities of expanding the road infrastructure are limited, it can be expected that this growth in road traffic will increasingly lead to traffic congestion and travel times along some routes will increasingly depend on the traffic situation. Timely deliveries are becoming more and more important because of increasingly synchronised supply chains with low inventory levels. If time-dependent travel times are ignored when planning vehicle routes, frequent delays and the need for buffer times will be the result. From an economical point of view, both delays and unnecessary buffer times should be avoided. From an ecological point of view, we will see that electric vehicles, and also battery-powered vehicles, will gain importance in road freight transport. Due to a limited range of battery-powered vehicles and because of the long time required to charge batteries, it will be indispensable to plan ahead when the vehicles shall be recharged. From a societal point of view, we can expect that road safety and working conditions of truck drivers shall steadily improve and thus, compliance with hours of service regulations will be increasingly expected and enforced.Both the remaining operating range of battery-powered vehicles and the remaining driving time subject to hours of service regulations can be interpreted as attributes of regenerable resources. Periods in which the resource can regenerate must be scheduled frequently enough that the resource can be utilised without having attribute values outside the feasible operating range. Because of the above mentioned developments both time-dependent travel times and the de- and regeneration of resources must be considered when planning routes and schedules. The overarching goal of this research project is to develop models and methods allowing transport service providers to tackle the above mentioned economical, ecological, and societal challenges.The main scientific questions and algorithmic challenges arise from the interplay between time-dependent travel times and the de- and regeneration of resources, because the FIFO assumption that is typically made in the literature on time-dependent travel times, i.e. the assumption that an earlier departure implies an earlier arrival, can no longer be made. The main scientific goals are to answer the resulting questions and develop methods for routing and scheduling regenerable resource under consideration of time-dependent travel times.