Non-thermal Emission from Binary Neutron Star Mergers

双中子星(BNS)合并长期以来被认为是宇宙中最典型的多信使事件，最近对引力波GW170817和短伽马射线暴(GRB)的联合探测证实了这一点。它们也是中微子、宇宙射线的潜在祖先，以及一种新的但神秘的瞬变-快速射电爆发(FRB)。这些发现开启了多信使天文学的时代，因此，未来的观测需要一个正式的公式来估计不同信使对探测率、约束和Malmquist偏差的联合影响。本研究模拟了来自BNS合并的非热信使的辐射过程，并基于统计公式系统地开发了一个通用框架来评估它们与引力波的联合探测率、种群分布和Malmquist偏差。利用所开发的方法，通过统计模拟研究了以下主题：(1)北非合并的射电余辉的可探测性及其对暴增暴起源的影响；(2)利用加拿大氢强度图实验(CHME)探测北非合并和短伽玛暴的射电余辉；(3)切伦科夫望远镜阵列(CTA)观测北非合并的甚高能伽马射线的前景。这些结果代表了北非合并的多信使可探测的一些主要前景，有望为未来的观测提供参考。

Binary neutron star (BNS) mergers were long predicted to be the most canonical multi-messenger events in the Universe, which was recently confirmed by the joint detection of gravitational waves GW170817 and a short gamma-ray burst (GRB). They are also potential progenitors of neutrinos, cosmic rays, as well as a new but mysterious transient --- fast radio burst (FRB). These discoveries open the era of multi-messenger astronomy, and hence a formal formulation to estimate the joint effects on detection rate, constraint and Malmquist bias from different messengers is high in demand for future observations.This research modeled the radiative process of non-thermal messengers from BNS mergers and systematically developed a general framework to evaluate their joint detection rates, population distributions and Malmquist biases with gravitational waves based on a statistical formulation. Using the developed methods, the following topics were studied via statistical simulation: (1) detectability of radio afterglows from BNS mergers and implications for the origin of FRBs; (2) the use of Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) to detect radio afterglows from BNS mergers and short GRBs; (3) prospects of observing very-high-energy gamma-rays from BNS mergers by the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA).These results represent some major prospects of multi-messenger detectability of BNS mergers and are expected to serve as reference for future observations.