About "dying well". Actor constellations, normative patterns, perspective differences

随着临终关怀概念在住院临终关怀、姑息治疗单位和门诊临终关怀和姑息治疗中的制度化，一种规范的临终理想已经建立起来，它侧重于对死亡过程的多视角看法：即医疗、心理、社会和精神护理。不同的观念会干扰：医疗观念、护理观念、家庭成员的观念以及对临终者的看法。除此之外，演员的星座和视角也存在差异，这些差异并不总是可以安排的。因此，计划中的研究项目询问了如何通过经验调整的不确定性来超越垂死井的理想。我们的目标是1。采用质性研究方法，在住院安宁疗护和缓和疗护单位检测不同的视角和星座；阐明与这些观点差异相关的规范模式；让人们看到现代死亡实践的变化是如何发生的。无论是从天主教神学的角度，还是从社会学的角度，该项目都在死亡和临终关怀的实践中寻找偶然性的迹象。工作方案包括在临终关怀和姑息治疗单位进行定性研究。通过不同的定性方法，如专家访谈和非参与性观察，揭示了所有参与群体的死的理想和不同观点的必然性之间的死亡分析。评价基于功能分析方法，该方法寻求关系和参考问题的实际相互关系及其解决方案。

With the institutionalisation of the hospice concept in inpatient hospices, on palliative care units and outpatient hospice and palliative care a normative ideal of dying well has been established which focuses a multiperspective view on dying processes: i. e. medical, psychic, social, and spiritual care. Different perceptions interfere: the medical one, the nursing one, the perception of the family members and the perspective on the dying person. Beyond that, there occur differences of actor constellations and perspectives which are not always arrangeable. Therefore, the planned research project asks how the ideal of a dying well is overtaken by empirically adjusting uncertainties.Our aim is 1. using a qualitative research method in inpatient hospices and palliative care units to detect the different perspectives and constellations, 2. to explicate the normative patterns which are associated with these differences of perspectives, and 3. to make visible how variants of modern practices of dying happen empirically. Both from the perspective of Catholic theology as well as from the sociological perspective the project searches for signs of contingency within the practice of dying and terminal care. The work program includes a qualitative research in hospices and palliative care units. Analyses of dying between the ideal of dying well and the inevitability of different perspectives of all participating groups will be revealed by means of different qualitative methods such as interviews with experts and non-participant observations. The evaluation is based on a functional analysis method which seeks for practical interrelating regarding problems of relations und references and their solutions.