How planetary systems are shaped by their birthplace

近年来，包括多个系统在内的数千颗系外行星已被发现。从原行星盘和行星胚胎形成的行星系统已经得到了很好的研究，特别是观察到的行星系统的多样性是如何通过行星-行星散射、长期演化以及行星与气体/碎片盘之间的相互作用等过程产生的。几乎所有这些工作都集中在孤立行星系统的形成和演化上。然而，许多恒星（如果不是全部的话）的诞生地是在一个星团或星团中，这些星团或星团可能在一段时间后消散，或仍然是一个疏散星团。在这里，我们将研究行星系统如何在其新生星团中与其他恒星相遇时受到外部动力效应的影响而形成和重组。行星轨道将经历最低阶的偏心变化，这反过来可能引发整个行星系统的内部不稳定。行星逃离或合并到它们的主恒星，或者可以在离它们的主恒星非常近的轨道上找到。在这个项目中，我们将从两个方面来研究这个过程——理论上，通过在计算机中研究广泛的具有行星系统的星团，并分析由此产生的行星系统的多样性；相反，通过识别行星系统的可观察属性，可以提供关于它们形成条件的线索。

Thousands of exoplanets, including multiple systems, have been identified in recent years. The formation of planetary systems from protoplanetary disks and planetary embryos has been well studied, in particular how the observed diversity of planetary systems is generated by processes such as planet-planet scattering, secular evolution, and interaction between planets and gas/debris disks. Almost all of this work has focused on the formation and evolution of isolated planetary systems. The birth places of many if not all stars, however, is in a star cluster or association, which may either disperse after some time or remain an open cluster. Here we will study how planetary systems are shaped and reorganized by the external dynamical effects in their nascent star cluster by encounters with other stars. Planetary orbits will undergo to lowest order eccentricity changes which in turn may trigger internal instabilities of the entire planetary system. Planets escape or merge to their host star, or can be found on orbits very close to their host star. In this project we will examine the process in two ways - theoretically by studying a wide range of star clusters with planetary systems in the computer and analyze the resulting diversity of planetary systems; and inversely by identifying observable properties of planetary systems which can give clues about the conditions under which they were formed.