GRK 1049: Archives, Power and Knowledge - Organising, Controlling and Destroying Stored Knowledge from Antiquity to the Present

近年来，无论是在学术政治领域，还是在一般政治领域，文件泄露都成为一个极具爆炸性的话题。最近一些最激烈的争论，比如关于德国国防军（Wehrmacht）的争议、纳粹在瑞士的黄金，以及纳粹时代之后传记的构建，都是由新发布或新解读的档案材料引发的。除了少数例外，档案的实际储存库及其组织结构，即档案，并没有得到深入的学术关注，特别是对历史学家来说，尽管他们的工作主要基于档案的使用。除了Erinnerungskultur（记忆文化）和Wissenskultur（知识文化）的趋势之外，目前讨论中使用“档案”一词也是由于档案性质的瞬间转变。这反映在强调从保存到数据流动，从特定区域的本地化到更广泛的，几乎任意的可用性，从存档过程到导航的变化。这一发展时而被谴责为信息技术时代去感官化的高潮，时而被称赞为每个人都能获得民主化、无国界的数据。然而，目前的情况，虽然有问题，但使档案本身成为一个有趣的主题。就保存数据的保存和传输而言，新的数字商店承诺将垂直和分层的知识秩序转变为更水平和民主的形式，但事实已证明是站不住脚的。一个以记忆机器为主的社会，如果存储设备出现故障，就有失去记忆的风险。研究培训小组抓住了当前对档案知识历史组织的兴趣，并试图沿着三条调查线进行调查：首先，可存档和存档材料的收集，稳定和使用；二是支配档案过程的收录与排除过程，即档案资料的选择与使用的控制；第三，档案资料的滥用、销毁和伪造。

In recent years the release of files has become a highly explosive topic, both in terms of academic politics as well as politics in general.Some of the most intense debates in recent times, such as the controversy about the Wehrmacht, Nazi gold in Switzerland or the construction of biographies after the National Socialist era, have been triggered by newly released or newly interpreted archival material. With few exceptions, the actual repository of the files and its organisational structure, namely the archive, has not been the subject of in-depth academic attention, particularly so with regard to historians, even though their work is largely based upon the use of archives.The use of the term archive in current discussions, beyond the trend of Erinnerungskultur (culture of memory) and Wissenskultur (culture of knowledge), is also due to the momentary shift of the character of archives. This is reflected in the change of emphasis from preservation to flow of data, from localisation in one particular area to a wider, almost arbitrary availability, from the process of archiving to navigating. This development is alternately condemned as the climax of de-sensualisation in the age of information technology, or is celebrated as the democratised, borderless access to data for everyone. However, the current situation, while problematic, nevertheless makes the archive an interesting subject in itself. The new digital stores that promised to convert the vertical and hierarchical order of knowledge into a more horizontal and democratic shape have been proved to be untenable, as far as the preservation and transmission of saved data is concerned. A society that works primarily with memory machinery runs the risk of losing its memory if a malfunction of storage facilities occurs.The Research Training Group seizes upon the current interest in historical organisation of archival knowledge and attempts to investigate it along three lines of inquiry: Firstly, the collection, stabilisation and use of archiveable and archived material; secondly, the processes of inclusion and exclusion which rule the archival process, namely the selection of archived material and the control of its use; thirdly, the misuse, destruction and forgery of archived material.