Fundamentals of Organic Colloidal Composite Nanoparticles Applicable in Optoelectronics: Study of Morphology Formation, Surface Treatment and Charge Carrier Transport

在可印刷光电子学中使用基于水/醇的纳米颗粒分散体提供了一种有前途的方法来控制纳米级上的供体：受体形态，具有环境友好的基于溶液的制造的益处。适当的纳米级形态的供体：受体复合纳米粒子（NP），如Janus结构，是一个非常适合的介观形态形成，以确保有效的电荷传输的先决条件。复合NP的最终纳米结构由热力学（例如溶解度、稳定剂等）与纳米结构之间的竞争决定。和动力学（例如溶剂蒸发、聚合物排序等）在粒子形成过程中。然而，这些变量的微调和控制需要事先观察和现场测量。在这个建议中，我们将集中在纳米粒子的形态形成，纳米粒子的表面处理，纳米粒子纳入薄膜的介观微观结构，并在有机电子器件中的应用，重点是使供体：富勒烯和供体：非富勒烯复合纳米粒子的传输动力学方面的胶体有机复合纳米粒子的基础研究。在这方面，该项目将分为以下四个工作包（WP）：WP-1：将建立一个新的便携式合成装置，该装置基于配备紫外可见吸收光谱，荧光光谱和光散射技术的停流装置，用于原位分析有机胶体纳米颗粒的尺寸增长和形态演变。WP-2：使用我们开发的装置将进行真实的时间多参数测量，以获得关于控制指定聚合物：富勒烯和聚合物：富勒烯和富勒烯：富勒烯：富勒烯和富勒烯：富勒烯和富勒烯：富勒烯：富勒烯和富勒烯：富勒烯非富勒烯复合纳米颗粒的制备取决于一系列因素，如有机组分的物理化学性质和制备工艺（表面活性剂、溶剂、温度、混合速率等）。WP-3：的NP-纳入薄膜的介观形态将调查的非原位和原位光电以及结构表征技术的组合的基本参数，如热和溶剂退火后处理和NP-表面处理的固体膜和微结构形成的颗粒组装的影响。WP-4：有机胶体复合纳米粒子的可控纳米和介观形态的成功将在高性能光电器件如光电子器件中得到证实。上述研究成果将揭示有机纳米粒子在下一代各种有机光电器件中的潜力和局限性。

The use of aqueous / alcohol-based nanoparticulate dispersions in printable optoelectronics offers a promising approach to control the donor: acceptor morphology on the nanoscale with the benefit of environmentally-friendly, solution-based fabrication. Appropriate nanoscale morphology of the donor: acceptor composite nanoparticles (NPs), such as Janus structure, is the prerequisite for a well-suited mesoscale morphology formation to ensure an efficient charge transport. The final nanostructure of a composite NP is determined by the competition between thermodynamics (e.g. solubility, stabilizer, etc.) and kinetics (e.g. solvent evaporation, polymer ordering, etc.) during the particle formation. However, fine tuning and control of these variables require prior observations and in-situ measurements. In this proposal, we will focus on the fundamentals investigation of colloidal organic composite NPs in terms of NPs morphology formation, NPs surface treatment, mesoscale microstructure of NP-incorporated films, and transport dynamics for application in organic electronic devices with an emphasis on making comparisons between donor: fullerene and donor: non-fullerene composite NPs. In this regard, the project will be divided to following four work packages (WPs):WP-1: A new portable synthesis setup based on stopped-flow apparatus equipped with UV-Vis absorbance spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and light scattering techniques will be established for the in-situ analysis of the size growth and morphology evolution of organic colloidal NPs. The setup will enable a rather easy integration with a number of various beamlines for performing advanced X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy.WP-2: Real time multi-parameter measurements will be carried out using our developed setup to gain in-depth fundamental knowledge on the processes and mechanisms controlling the size and nanoscale morphology of nominated polymer: fullerene and polymer: non-fullerene composite nanoparticles as a function of a series of factors such as the physicochemical properties of the organic components and preparation process (surfactant, solvent, temperature, mixing rate, etc.).WP-3: The mesoscale morphology of the NP-incorporated thin films will be investigated by a combination of ex-situ and in-situ optoelectrical as well as structural characterization techniques in terms of impact of the essential parameters such as thermal and solvent annealing post-treatments and NP-surface treatments on the particles assembly in solid films and microstructure formation. WP-4: The success of controllable nano- and meso-scale morphology formation of organic colloidal composite NPs will be demonstrated in high performance optoelectronic devices such as photovoltaics.The outcome of the research described above will shine light on the potential and limitations of organic NPs for the next generation of various organic optoelectronic devices.