EXC 2055: Contestations of the Liberal Script (SCRIPTS)

自由主义剧本正面临压力。自由民主国家今天面临的一些最严峻的挑战来自专制和非自由国家，以及暴力的非国家行为体。这些行动者拒绝将自由主义剧本定义为基于个人自决核心原则的社会组织的理念和制度处方。在自由主义社会中，民粹主义运动质疑自由主义政治和社会秩序模式的意义。这并不是自由主义剧本第一次受到质疑。它是在自由社会内外的争论和抵制中演变而来的。然而，与过去几十年世界社会的广泛发展相比，目前的争论令人费解。国家间战争很少，全球南方许多国家的贫困减少，全球北方大多数巩固的经济体的失业率不高，人类发展指数有了显著改善。通过解决三组问题，《卓越剧本丛书》将当前关于自由剧本的争论置于一个更广阔的历史、全球和比较的视角中：(1)当前的挑战在多大程度上针对自由剧本的核心原则？自由主义模式之外存在哪些替代脚本？它们的吸引力是如何发展的？当前的争论与以前的相比如何？(2)这些争论的原因是什么？在什么条件下，自由主义剧本会失去或获得吸引力，是什么推动了另类剧本的兴起？当前争论的起因与之前的不同吗？(3)自由主义剧本愈演愈烈的争论会带来什么后果？这些争论是暂时的，还是预示着自由主义剧本的长期衰落？辩论和对辩论的回应对政治、社会、个人和21世纪世界面临的全球性挑战有哪些影响？为了解决这些问题，集群将社会科学和区域研究与西方和非西方的观点结合起来，利用他们在定量和定性方法方面的综合专业知识，以及他们的概括概念和本地理解。双重反身性的概念将这些不同的观点联系在一起，使我们能够讨论自由主义剧本和社会科学本身的核心原则是如何受到争论的纠缠过程的影响的。我们在认识到知识生产的相对性的同时，以知识的普遍性为目标。这种方法不是并列的，而是整合了不同的理论和方法观点。它承诺为社会科学中有关现代政治和社会的组织和发展的最相关问题提供新的答案和见解。

The liberal script is under pressure. Some of the most severe challenges liberal democracies are facing today emanate from authoritarian and non-liberal states as well as from violent non-state actors. These actors reject the liberal script defined as ideas and institutional prescriptions about the organisation of society based on the core principle of individual self-determination. Within liberal societies, populist movements question the meanings of the liberal model of political and social order. This is not the first time the liberal script has been contested. It has evolved through contestation and resistance both from within and outside liberal societies. However, current contestations are puzzling when measured against the broad developments in world society over the past decades. There have been few interstate wars, poverty reduction in many countries of the global South, modest unemployment rates in most of the consolidated economies of the global North, and a significant improvement of the Human Development Index.The Cluster of Excellence SCRIPTS puts the current contestations of the liberal script in a broader historical, global, and comparative perspective by addressing three sets of questions:(1) To what extent do current challenges target core principles of the liberal script? Which alternative scripts exist to the liberal model and how does their appeal develop? How do current contestations compare to previous ones?(2) What are the causes of these contestations? Under which conditions does the liberal script lose or gain attractiveness, and what drives the rise of alternative scripts? Are the causes for current contestations different from earlier ones?(3) What are the consequences of the intensified contestations of the liberal script? Are these contestations of a temporary nature or do they indicate the decline of the liberal script in the long run? Which implications do contestations and the responses to them have for politics, societies, individuals, and the global challenges the world is facing in the 21st century?In tackling these questions, the Cluster brings together the social sciences and area studies with their Western and non-Western perspectives, with their comprehensive expertise in quantitative and qualitative methods, as well as their generalising conceptions and local understandings. The notion of double reflexivity conjoins these different perspectives, allowing us to discuss how core principles of the liberal script and the social sciences themselves were and are affected by entangled processes of contestations. We aim at generalisable knowledge while being aware of the relativity of knowledge production. This approach does not juxtapose but rather integrates different theoretical and methodological perspectives. It promises to produce new answers and insights to the most relevant questions in the social sciences concerning the organisation and development of politics and society in modern times.