Role of chemokines in olfactory neurogenesis

神经细胞的再生发生在整个生命过程中，并受到不同影响的调节。中枢神经系统中的神经发生特别是由于损伤而增加，例如。G.是中风造成的然而，再生通常是不够的，这在许多情况下需要长期的干扰。更好地了解潜在的生理过程对于治疗的具体改进是必不可少的。在成年哺乳动物的大脑中，神经发生仅在低程度上发生，嗅上皮以其高再生能力而与众不同，这种再生能力在整个生命过程中得以保留。嗅觉神经元异常再生能力的生理原因是系统持续暴露于呼吸空气中的物质的不稳定性。这种高再生能力，以及不同参与细胞的清晰定位和形态，使得再生过程的表征相对容易。在中枢神经系统损伤后再生中起重要作用的信号系统是趋化因子和趋化因子受体。趋化因子CXC配体12（CXCL 12或SDF-1）及其受体CXCR 4和CXCR 7在损伤的中枢神经系统的再生中起重要作用。通过遗传学、药理学、解剖学和生理学方法的特定组合，我们希望系统地研究CXCL 12及其受体在小鼠嗅上皮感觉神经元中的作用。该项目应汇编有关趋化因子信号系统的功能的新信息，包括CXCL 12和G蛋白偶联受体CXCR 4和CXCR 7在成年生物体中的神经发生，并有助于了解嗅觉系统的可塑性与中枢神经系统的其他神经源性区域相比的差异。

The regeneration of nerve cells happens during the whole life and is adjusted by different influences. Neurogenesis in the central nervous system is increased in particular by injuries, e. g. as a result of a stroke. Nevertheless, the regeneration is usually insufficient what entails in many cases to long-term interferences. A better understanding of the underlying physiological processes is indispensable for the specific improvement of the treatment. In the brain of an adult mammal neurogenesis takes place only in low extent, the olfactory epithelium distinguishes itself by a high regeneration ability which is preserved the whole life through. The physiological reason for the unusual regeneration ability of the olfactory neurons is the vulnerabiliy of the system which is continuously exposed to substances in the breath air. This high capacity for regeneration, together with the clear localization and morphology of the different involved cells allows for relatively easy characterization of regeneration processes. A signal system which plays an important role for the regeneration after injuries in the central nervous system are chemokines and chemokine receptors. The chemokine CXC ligand 12 (CXCL12 or SDF-1) and his receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 play important roles for the regeneration of the injured central nervous system. By specific combination of genetic, pharmacological, anatomical and physiological approaches we would like to systematically examine the role of CXCL12 and its receptors in sensory neurons of the olfactory epithelium of the mouse. This project should compile new information about the function of the chemokine signaling system consisting of CXCL12 and the G-protein coupled receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7 for neurogenesis in the adult organism, and help to understand the differences in plasticity of the olfactory system compared to other neurogenic regions of the central nervous system.