Transformation of spatio-temporal rainfall fields into spatio-temporal runoff with a focus on extreme events

降雨转化为径流是水文循环的重要过程。在通常使用的线性模型假设下，不可能表示空间和时间上的高度非线性变换。因此，对这一转变的影响因素的了解对于充分的陈述是必不可少的。本项目的目的是根据地形和气候因素调查上述转变。将使用不同空间分辨率的水文模型对奥地利的各种集水区进行降雨-径流模拟。将比较研究降雨和径流的空间梯度，以及降雨和径流量随流域尺度的变化。将空间径流模式与地形和气候因素的径流模式进行比较，分析它们对时空转化过程的影响。由于所调查的流域从低地到山区的高度变异性，可以得出一般结论。该项目的创新之处在于对降雨和径流的时空变异性进行了对称调查，重点是极端事件和水量收支。工程结果对资料短缺和气候条件变化下的未来径流预测具有重要意义。

The transformation of rainfall into runoff is an important process of the hydrological cycle. With the commonly used linear model assumptions it is not possible to represent the highly non-linear transformation in space and time. Hence, the knowledge about the influencing factors of this transformation is essential for an adequate representation. The aim of the present project is to investigate the aforementioned transformation in dependence on physiographic and climatic factors. Rainfall-runoff simulations will be carried out for a variety of catchments in Austria using a hydrological model with different spatial resolutions. Spatial gradients of rainfall and runoff will be investigated comparatively as well as rainfall and runoff rates as function of the catchment scale. Spatial runoff patterns will be compared with those of physiographic and climatic factors to analyze their impact on the spatial-temporal transformation process. Due to the high variability of the investigated catchments ranging from lowlands to mountainous regions general conclusions can be drawn. The innovation of this project is the symmetric investigation of rainfall and runoff regarding their spatial and temporal variability, with a focus on extreme events and water budget. The project results are important for the prediction of future runoff under data shortage and changing climatic conditions.