Endemic species and their speciations on the Tokara Islands : studies of the ancestors'invasions and geographic isolation mechanisms among the island populations.

1)对托卡拉群岛及其邻近地区特有的eriocarpum Nakai杜鹃花（eriocarpum Nakai）在托卡拉群岛各地区采集了978株活样。这些样品在鹿儿岛大学的一个实验花园里培养，用于形态学分析。对自然种群和人工种群的叶片形态进行了比较。在形态学分析中，每个样品的叶片形状通过光学扫描系统（EPSON GT 6500）转换为计算机图像数据（PICT数据）。在计算机系统（Macintosh Quadra 840AV）上测量和分析了叶片形状的几个特征。研究结果揭示了该物种的形态变异特征，揭示了该物种在自然居群间的生态分化进程。2)绣球花kawagoeana Koidz样品约200个。在鹿儿岛大学实验园内种植了虎耳草科虎耳草和虎耳草。现对这些种进行形态分析。3)在本研究的野外工作中，对木本植物Peucedanum japonicum Thund。在托卡拉群岛发现了通常为草本植物的伞形植物（伞形植物科）和花序上有花的堇菜植物（堇菜科）的新形态。在岛上共采集到日本蕨970份和堇菜200份，目前正在进行形态分析。4)通过野外工作，收集了tokkara群岛特有的Asarum tokarense Hatusima （=Heterotropa yakusimensis var. glabra；马兜铃科）及其邻近岛屿（Amami-ohshima, Tokunoshima, Kuroshima, Yakushima）的活标本。这些样品现在要进行物种分析。5)花菊核型分析。使用计算机图像分析仪（彩色视频麦金塔系统）对托卡拉群岛的（合成）图像进行分析。这种植物类似于天竺冬。叶片背面毛密度差异较大，但染色体数目与其他地区的八倍体相同（2n=72）。在不久的将来，这种分析可能会揭示出一个有趣的结果。少

1) With regard to Rhododendron eriocarpum Nakai (Ericaceae) endemic to the Tokara Islands and its neighboring area, living samples (978 strains) were obtained from various areas of the Islands. The samples were cultivated at an experimental garden of Kagoshima University for the morphological analyzes. A comparison mainly in leaf morphology was made between the natural and the cultivated population samples. In the morphological analyzes, the leaf shape of each samples was transformed into computer picture data (PICT data) by an optical scan system (EPSON GT 6500). Several characters of leaf shape were measured and analyzed in the PICT data on a computer system (Macintosh Quadra 840AV). As a result, the morphological variations of R.eriocarpum were revealed, and the data obtained show the progress of the species in ecological differentiation among natural populations.2) About 200 samples of Hydrangea kawagoeana Koidz.and H.grosseserrata Engler (Saxifragaceae) were planted at the experim … More ental garden of Kagoshima University. The morphological analyzes of these species are carried out now.3) On the field works of this research, the woody plants of Peucedanum japonicum Thund. (Umbelliferae) that is generally herbaceous, and new form of Viola plants (Violaceae) showed some flowers in an inflorescence were found from the Tokara Islands. About 970 samples of P.japonicum and about 200 samples of Viola sp.were collected from the Islands, and their morphological analyzes are now in progress. It is considered that these new forms are now differentiated on the Tokara Islands.4) By the field works of this research, the living samples of Asarum tokarense Hatusima (=Heterotropa yakusimensis var. glabra ; Aristolochiaceae) endemic to the Tokara Islands, and its relatives of neighboring islands : Amami-ohshima, Tokunoshima, Kuroshima, Yakushima, were collected. These samples are now subject to the analyzes of their speciations.5) A karyotype analysis of Dendranthema ornatum Kitam. (Compositae) of the Tokara Islands was carried out by the computer image analyzer (Color-Video Macintosh System). The plants are similar to D.crassum Kitam.in hair density on abaxial surface of a leaf, but show the same chromosome number (2n=72 : octaploid) with D.ornatum of other areas. An interesting result may be revealed by this analysis in the near future. Less