Clause combining and word order in heritage Turkish across majority languages

该项目为RUEG的共同研究框架提供了对土耳其语动态的调查。我们关注两个语法领域。一种是后语位置，它是规范的SOV语法所施加的特殊限制的基础。另一个是子句组合的语法领域，其中子句组合被理解为指连接和/或嵌入子句的任何语言手段的高级术语。我们选择在研究单位的框架内调查的两个土耳其语语法领域特别适合设想的合资企业。两者都被证明在语言接触的环境中发展出新的系统性，这将在RUEG的合资企业I （JVI）中进行调查。同时，这两个领域对注册差异特别敏感，因此它们为回答新系统是否应与内部动态（JVI）或接触引起的变化（JVIII）有关的问题提供了理想的基础。在后语位置的使用中，以及项目对该位置的关注方面，除核心句法方面外，起决定性作用的考虑因素有：1。接口方面的明确性和特殊性（内部语法-语义接口）和2。话题性和给定性方面（与信息结构和话语的外部接口）。关于子句组合，我们处理的是由嵌入属性等语法方面形成的语法领域。与此同时，前背景（与话语的接口）的各个方面进入画面（JVII）。RUEG的对比设置特别适用于调查两个领域中可能的接触引起的变化，因为我们可以建立“最小对”，也就是说：在从句组合领域，英语和土耳其语之间的相似之处比德语和土耳其语之间的相似之处更多，在词序领域，情况正好相反；德语和土耳其语之间的相似之处多于英语和土耳其语之间的相似之处（JVIII）。RUEG的统一方法将使我们能够在不同的登记和不同的接触设置之间进行比较，我们将用进一步的数据和实验技术来补充这一点。P4的结果将与其他RUEG项目的结果相关，特别是与语序共同主题的结果相关。P4对RUEG的特殊贡献涉及对土耳其语作为传统语言的关注，对语域差异的关注（与P1一起），以及从句组合的附加方面。

This project contributes the investigation of the dynamics of Turkish to RUEG’s common research framework. We focus on two grammatical domains. One is the postverbal position, which underlies particular restrictions imposed by the canonical SOV syntax. The other is the grammatical domain of clause combining, where clause combining is understood as a superordinate term referring to any linguistic means of connecting and/or embedding clauses. The two grammatical domains of Turkish we choose to investigate within the frame of the research unit serve particularly well for the joint ventures envisaged. Both have been shown to develop new systematicities in settings of language contact, which are to be investigated in the Joint Venture I (JVI) of RUEG. At the same time, both domains are particularly sensitive towards register differences, thus they provide ideal ground for answering the question of whether new systematicities should be related to internal dynamics (JVI) or to contact-induced change (JVIII). In the use of the postverbal position and thus with respect to the project’s attention to that position, the considerations that play decisive roles next to core syntactic aspects are 1. interface aspects of definiteness and specificity (internal syntax-semantic interface) and 2. aspects of topichood and givenness (external interface with information structure and discourse). With regard to clause combining, we deal with a grammatical domain which is shaped by syntactic aspects such as properties of embedding. At the same time, aspects of fore- and backgrounding (interface with discourse) enter the picture (JVII). The contrastive setting of the RUEG serves particularly well for investigations of possible contact-induced changes in the two domains, as we can establish ‘minimal pairs’, so to speak: in the domain of clause combining, there are more parallels between English and Turkish than between German and Turkish, and in the domain of word order, the situation is the reverse; there are more parallels between German and Turkish than between English and Turkish (JVIII). RUEG’s unified methodology will enable us to compare across different registers and different contact settings, and we will complement this with further elicited data and with experimental techniques. P4’s results will be related to the results of other RUEG projects, in particular to the results on the common topic of word order. The particular aspects which P4 contributes to RUEG concern the focus on Turkish as a heritage language, the focus on register differences (together with P1), and the additional aspect of clause combining.