In situ Processing of Langmuir Monolayers

本研究的目的是积极控制影响朗缪尔fils质量的因素，我们称之为“加工”。为了了解特定处理的效果，必须具有现场表征技术。我们采用了以下技术：（1）毛细管波探针：研究了薄膜非均匀性的影响。在液/气共存膜中，液相对毛细管波几乎是不可见的。在固/气共存的薄膜中，固相（岛）的连续性决定了传播特性。(2)反射光谱法：研究了聚离子复合物与扩散单分子层的形成。电荷中性被认为是决定因素的量的聚合物上的单层，因此吸附层是单分子的。动力学完全由聚合物在溶液中的扩散控制，并且可以拟合为通用曲线。(3)非线性光学：二次和三次谐波产生已被用来阐明的非线性效应，特别是超薄膜。LB相关技术的进一步改进尝试如下：（4）单层LB膜已被用作用于随后的真空沉积的各向异性基底。我们证明了LB膜中的取向顺序可以半定量地转移到蒸发膜。(5)用毛细管波探针构造了一个自动化的移动壁槽，并成功地制备了厚LB膜，其中L膜中的有序性在LB膜中得到了保持。

The purpose of this research is to actively control factors affecting the quality of the Langmuir fils, which we call "processing". It is essential to have in situ characterization techniques in order to know the effect of a particular processing. We used the following techniques : (1) Capillary wave probe : The effect of the film heterogeneity has been studied. In liquid/gas coexisting films, the liquid phase is practically invisible to the capillary wave. In solid/gas coexisting films, the continuity of the solid phase (islands) determins the propagation characteristics. (2) Reflection spectroscopy : The formation of polyion complex with a spread monolayer has been studied. The charge nutrality was found to be the deciding factor of the amount of the polymer on the monolayer and hence the adsorbed layer is monomolecular. The kinetics is completely governed by the diffusion of the polyymer in the solution and can be fitted to a universal curve. (3) Nonlinear optics : The 2nd and 3rd harmonic generations have been used to elucidate the nonlinear effects particular to the ultra thin films. Further refinement of the LB related techniques has been attempted as follows : (4) Single layer LB films have been used as an anisotropic substrate for the subsequent vacuum deposition. We demonstrated that the orientational order in the LB film can be transferred semi-quantitatively to the evaporated film. (5) An automated moving-wall trough with the capillary wave probe has been constructed and thick LB films have been succesfully fabricated in which the order in the L-film has been preserved in the LB-film.