The Apophthegmata Patrum in the context of the occidental reformation of monastic life in 11th and 12th century France: Their transmission, interpretation and importance in Abelard, Bernard of Clairvaux, Peter the Venerable and in their environment

古代晚期沙漠父亲的言论和事迹被收集起来，并以“Apophthegmata Patrum”的名义传播。这些东方隐士和修道的基本证词对基督教的禁欲主义和灵性产生了巨大的影响，甚至在中世纪的西方也广泛流传。东方修道主义是一个典范，特别是在11世纪和12世纪西方修道生活改革的背景下。在这种情况下，Apophthegmata Patrum，也就是他们的拉丁文翻译，“Verba Seniorum”，发挥了重要作用，在研究中一再强调，但迄今为止还没有真正进行分析。通过跨学科的方法，该项目将研究Verba Seniorum的接受，集中在（今天的）法国的中心，这是修道院改革运动的主要焦点，即对环境的阿伯拉尔，伯纳德的克莱尔沃，和彼得尊者-三个寺院改革者谁属于，每个在自己的特殊方式，以本笃会的传统。该项目结合了神学/教会历史和中世纪历史的学科，旨在实现三个相互关联的目标： 收集Apophthegmata Patrum在研究领域传播的证据（Abelard，Clairvaux的Bernard，Peter the Venerable及其环境）：这些作者的手稿和文本中的参考文献中存在Vitae Patrum。 从可以识别的文本开始，重新构建该研究领域对Apophthegmata Patrum的接受和解释。 评估Apophthegmata Patrum对这些作者及其环境的重要性，以及Apophthegmata对11世纪和12世纪西方修道院生活改革的一般影响，以及对当代社会发展的影响，教会与神学（尤其是在早期经院文学中）这是可以推断出来的。研究结果将发表在一本关于老年语传播的专著中，解释和重要性在伯纳德的克莱尔沃和彼得尊者以及补充和总结研究文章-后者也将特别强调Apophthegmata的接待阿贝拉尔。

The sayings and deeds of late-antiquity desert fathers were collected and transmitted under the name “Apophthegmata Patrum”. These fundamental testimonies of eastern eremitism and monasticism had an enormous impact on Christian asceticism and spirituality, and were circulated widely even in the medieval Occident. Eastern monasticism served as a model, especially in the context of the western reformation of monastic life during the 11th and 12th centuries. In that context, the Apophthegmata Patrum, that is, their Latin translation, the “Verba Seniorum”, played a major role which has been repeatedly emphasised in research, but has nevertheless not really been analysed thus far.Through an interdisciplinary approach the project will study the reception of the Verba Seniorum by concentrating on the centre of (today’s) France which was a major focus of the monastic reform movements, namely on the environment of Abelard, Bernard of Clairvaux, and of Peter the Venerable – of three monastic reformers who belong, each in their own special way, to the Benedictine tradition. The project combines the disciplines of theology/church history and medieval history and aims at three interconnected goals:1) Assemble the evidence of transmission of the Apophthegmata Patrum in the research field (Abelard, Bernard of Clairvaux, Peter the Venerable, and their environment): the presence of the Vitae Patrum in manuscripts and references in texts of those authors.2) Reconstruct the reception and interpretation of the Apophthegmata Patrum in that research field, starting from the texts that can be identified.3) Assess the importance of the Apophthegmata Patrum for those authors and their environment and the Apophthegmata’s general impact on the occidental reformation of monastic life in the 11th and 12th centuries and, beyond, on contemporary developments in society, church and theology (which are mirrored particularly in early scholastic literature) that can be deduced.The research results will be published in a monograph on the Verba Seniorum’s transmission, interpretation and importance in Bernard of Clairvaux and in Peter the Venerable as well as in complementary and summary research articles – the latter will also place special emphasis on the Apophthegmata’s reception in Abelard.