SHWITZER: Amish Shwitzer as a mixed language with closely related parents

混合语言从两种不同的母语继承了语言子系统，即具有克丘亚语语法结构的Media Lengua和西班牙语词汇。这种系统性的分裂似乎只有在混合语言中才有可能，这些语言的父母语言在遗传和类型上彼此相距甚远。然而，阿米什·施维泽语（英语：Amish Shwitzer）（印第安纳州，美国）是一种混合语言，源自两种密切相关的母语，即伯尔尼瑞士德语和宾夕法尼亚荷兰语，语法结构主要是宾夕法尼亚荷兰语，伯尔尼语言特征集中在词汇中。这是一种迄今为止没有报道过的混合语言。拟议的项目旨在确定阿米什-施维泽伯尔尼和宾夕法尼亚荷兰特征的数量和性质。此外，该项目旨在重建社会语言背景下，这群世纪瑞士再洗礼派移民进入宾夕法尼亚州荷兰人如此密切的接触。该项目揭示了密集的语言接触的条件和可能的结果，因为阿米什Shwitzer在其他已知的混合语言的背景下是相当不典型的。我们希望，拟议中的研究有可能修改和完善接触语言学的长期假设。

Mixed languages inherit linguistic subsystems from two different parental languages, viz. e.g. Media Lengua with Quechua grammatical structure and Spanish lexicon. Such systematic splits seem to be possible only in mixed languages whose parental languages are genetically and typologically distant from each other. However, Amish Shwitzer (Indiana, USA) is a mixed language derived from two closely related parental languages, namely Bernese Swiss German and Pennsylvania Dutch, whereby grammatical structure is largely Pennsylvania Dutch and Bernese linguistic features are concentrated in the lexicon. It is thus a so far unreported type of mixed language. The proposed project aims at determining the amount and nature of Bernese and Pennsylvania Dutch features in Amish Shwitzer. Furthermore, the project aims at reconstructing the sociolinguistic context under which this group of 19th century Swiss Anabaptist immigrants came into such close contact with Pennsylvania Dutch. The project sheds new light on the conditions and possible outcomes of intensive language contact, since Amish Shwitzer is rather untypical in the context of other known mixed languages. We expect that the proposed study has the potential to revise and refine long-standing assumptions of contact linguistics.