Latin America as European Utopia. Communities and Unstable Orders

该项目以19世纪和20世纪德语文本中的Topos“拉丁美洲”为基础，研究另类社区。在欧洲危机经历的背景下，这些文本以一种想象的方式重新占据了次大陆。到目前为止，西方对拉丁美洲话语的重建集中在交替的表现上，这是自征服以来形成的与美国相反的“欧洲”概念。然而，拉丁美洲的建筑在何种程度上不仅是对应物，而且是包含想象中的另一个欧洲的轮廓的空间，或者更确切地说，是另类社区的乌托邦，这还有待分析。纵观历史，对于殖民主义和欧洲当下之间的关系，可以在被排除在本国社区之外的作家身上察觉到一种特殊的敏感性。他们对对方的表述往往掩盖了对政治(混乱)秩序的幻想。在征服后不久，美国已经成为欧洲预测的目标，正如调查所显示的那样，也成为德国人幻想和陈述的目标。此外，次大陆出现了任何形式的逃犯和难民，而拉丁美洲知识分子越来越多地将其转变为一个文化和社会交替的空间。鉴于美洲作为想象中的地方的重要性，应该在一些示范文本中确定话语节点，在这些文本中，“旧的”和“新的”世界突破了殖民者和殖民者的既定属性，并承载着社区和共存的新概念。对虚构和非虚构文本的分析与后殖民理论联系在一起，后殖民理论基于文化挪用过程中相互交织的假设，尽管这些假设可能与永恒的殖民话语背道而驰。美国不仅是欧洲想象的主体，也是其形成的推动者。选定的文本将在历时过程的范围内以及在各自的话语语境中进行分析，以确定超越国家的历史想象的地平线：海因里希·海涅通过新旧世界的颠倒来检验开明的历史观，B.特拉文将西方无国籍的状况刻进土著的形象中，斯特凡·茨威格将混合的巴西社会定义为“未来的土地”。阿尔弗雷德·多布林在印度迦南人的比喻中尝试了一种乌托邦形式的殖民主义，维勒姆·弗洛瑟将巴西从流亡到移民的转变描述为在无家可归中的自觉自我处境。在分析上述作者的散文、散文和诗歌时，德国文献学的跨国方法将得到进一步发展，并将根据其文学研究的生产力来探索想象共同体的范畴，该范畴目前广泛地集中在民族观念上。

The project deals with alternative communities based on the topos "Latin America" in German texts of the 19th and 20th century. These texts reoccupy the subcontinent in an imaginary way in the context of European experiences of crisis. So far, reconstructions of the Western discourse on Latin America focused on the representation of alterity, the idea „Europe“ being formed in contrast to America since the Conquest. However, it is still to be analyzed in what way constructions of Latin America are not only counterpoints but also spaces which contain the outlines of an imaginary other Europe, or rather Utopias of alternative communities. Throughout history, a specific sensibility for the relation between colonialism and the European present can be detected in authors excluded from their national communities. Their representations of the other often conceal fantasies of political (dis-)order. Shortly after the Conquest, America already became a target for European projections and, as investigation has shown, also for specifically German fantasies and representations. Moreover, the subcontinent emerged as a place of outlaws and refugees of any kind, while Latin American intellectuals converted it more and more into a space of cultural and social alternatives.In view of the significance of America as imagined place, discursive nodes should be identified in a number of exemplary texts, where "Old" and "New" World break through established attributions of colonizers and colonized and bear new concepts of community and co-existence. The analysis of fictional and non-fictional texts links to postcolonial theories, which are based on the assumption of mutual intertwinings in the process of cultural appropriation, even though these might go against perpetuated colonial discourses. America is not only subject of the European imaginary, but also an agent in its formation. The selected texts are to be analyzed within the scope of a diachronic process as well as in their respective discursive context to determine the horizon of historical imagination beyond the nation: While Heinrich Heine puts to the test an enlightened concept of History through the inversion of Old and New World, B. Traven inscribes the condition of the Western stateless into the image of the indigenous and Stefan Zweig defines hybrid Brazilian society as "land of the future". Alfred Döblin experiments with an Utopian form of colonialism in the metaphor of the Indian Canaan, and Vilém Flusser relates the transition from exile to migration in Brazil as a conscious self-situating in homelessness. In analyzing prose, essays and poems written by the mentioned authors, transnational approaches in German Philology will be further developed and the category of the imagined community, until now widely focused on the idea of the nation, will be explored in view of its productivity for Literary Studies.