Latin America as European Utopia. Communities and Unstable Orders

该项目以19世纪和20世纪德国文本中的“拉丁美洲”主题为基础，处理其他社区。在欧洲危机经历的背景下，这些文本以一种想象的方式重新占据了次大陆。迄今为止，西方对拉丁美洲话语的重构主要集中在对另类的再现上，自美洲被征服以来，形成了与美洲相对立的“欧洲”概念。然而，拉丁美洲的建筑以何种方式不仅是对位，而且是包含想象中的其他欧洲轮廓的空间，或者更确切地说，是替代社区的乌托邦，仍有待分析。纵观历史，对殖民主义和欧洲现状之间关系的特殊敏感性可以在被排除在其民族社区之外的作者身上发现。他们对他人的描述往往隐藏着对政治（无序）秩序的幻想。在被征服后不久，美洲已经成为欧洲投射的目标，正如调查显示的那样，也成为德国幻想和表现的目标。此外，这个次大陆成为了不法分子和各种难民的聚集地，而拉丁美洲的知识分子则越来越多地将其转变为一个文化和社会替代空间。鉴于美国作为想象之地的意义，在一些示范性文本中应该确定话语节点，其中“旧”和“新”世界突破了殖民者和殖民地的既定属性，并承担了社区和共存的新概念。对虚构和非虚构文本的分析与后殖民理论相联系，后者基于文化占有过程中相互交织的假设，尽管这些假设可能与长期存在的殖民话语背道而驰。美国不仅是欧洲想象的主体，而且是其形成的代理人。选定的文本将在一个时间过程的范围内进行分析，并在各自的话语语境中确定超越民族的历史想象的视野：海因里希·海涅通过新旧世界的颠倒来检验一种启蒙的历史概念，B.特拉文将西方无国籍的状况纳入土著的形象，斯特凡·茨威格将混合的巴西社会定义为“未来的土地”。Alfred Döblin在印度迦南地的隐喻中实验了一种乌托邦式的殖民主义，vil<s:1> m Flusser将巴西从流放到移民的过渡作为一种自觉的无家可归的自我定位。在分析上述作者所写的散文、散文和诗歌时，将进一步发展德国文字学的跨国研究方法，并从文学研究的生产力角度探讨迄今为止广泛关注于民族观念的想象共同体范畴。

The project deals with alternative communities based on the topos "Latin America" in German texts of the 19th and 20th century. These texts reoccupy the subcontinent in an imaginary way in the context of European experiences of crisis. So far, reconstructions of the Western discourse on Latin America focused on the representation of alterity, the idea „Europe“ being formed in contrast to America since the Conquest. However, it is still to be analyzed in what way constructions of Latin America are not only counterpoints but also spaces which contain the outlines of an imaginary other Europe, or rather Utopias of alternative communities. Throughout history, a specific sensibility for the relation between colonialism and the European present can be detected in authors excluded from their national communities. Their representations of the other often conceal fantasies of political (dis-)order. Shortly after the Conquest, America already became a target for European projections and, as investigation has shown, also for specifically German fantasies and representations. Moreover, the subcontinent emerged as a place of outlaws and refugees of any kind, while Latin American intellectuals converted it more and more into a space of cultural and social alternatives.In view of the significance of America as imagined place, discursive nodes should be identified in a number of exemplary texts, where "Old" and "New" World break through established attributions of colonizers and colonized and bear new concepts of community and co-existence. The analysis of fictional and non-fictional texts links to postcolonial theories, which are based on the assumption of mutual intertwinings in the process of cultural appropriation, even though these might go against perpetuated colonial discourses. America is not only subject of the European imaginary, but also an agent in its formation. The selected texts are to be analyzed within the scope of a diachronic process as well as in their respective discursive context to determine the horizon of historical imagination beyond the nation: While Heinrich Heine puts to the test an enlightened concept of History through the inversion of Old and New World, B. Traven inscribes the condition of the Western stateless into the image of the indigenous and Stefan Zweig defines hybrid Brazilian society as "land of the future". Alfred Döblin experiments with an Utopian form of colonialism in the metaphor of the Indian Canaan, and Vilém Flusser relates the transition from exile to migration in Brazil as a conscious self-situating in homelessness. In analyzing prose, essays and poems written by the mentioned authors, transnational approaches in German Philology will be further developed and the category of the imagined community, until now widely focused on the idea of the nation, will be explored in view of its productivity for Literary Studies.