The consuming citizen as a semantic construction of new ways of participation in the Federal Republic of Germany

该项目位于思想史中，分析了自1970年代以来联邦共和国参与新概念的发展和传播。一方面，这些概念的倡导者传播这样一种观念，即政治参与可以而且应该通过决定购买某些消费品来实现。这些商品的生产和销售应符合社会经济（“公平”）和生态可持续的最低标准，并对健康无害（“生物”）。另一方面，有人呼吁在福利国家服务方面明确表现得像消费者一样。这两个带有政治道德色彩的消费维度产生了“政治消费者”这样的术语。因此，作为“政治消费者”的社会人物应该通过选择决定，影响民主社会边缘或超出其指导可能性的问题的解决办法。因此，有人说，公民的参与机会将得到扩大;反之亦然，消费者的责任也将得到强调。一方面，由于法律的平等，这些新的参与方式是市场化的，另一方面，它们被组织成一种抗议。然而，从这些新的参与要求中也产生了与不平等若干方面的新的相互作用：首先，在社会经济不平等方面，参与机会取决于物质先决条件以及教育和信息先决条件。其次，抵制以及新公民消费者的道德理想化导致了不平等，不接受所有那些不响应这些要求的人。此外，由于一个新的社会群体，即“新的受过教育的公民消费者”的话语结构，出现了新的政治-社会冲突路线。作为起点，我们决定为1970年代的团结与拉丁美洲运动。这一运动与教会关于传播道德和政治消费意识的倡议的联系，导致了所谓的（第三或第一）世界商店的成立，是该项目分析的另一个领域。与此同时，在意识形态上，有时也与个人联系上，发展了生物，生态或替代运动，其中消费的道德化和政治化是一个核心要素。在1990年代，由于带有攻击性的标签，这一运动进一步分化。

This project, located in the intellectual history, analyses the development and circulation of new concepts of participation in the Federal Republic since the 1970s. On the one hand, the protagonists of these concepts spread the idea that political participation might and should be practiced by deciding to purchase certain consumption goods. These goods were supposed to be produced and distributed while keeping socio-economic (“fair”) as well as ecologically sustainable minimum standards and to be non-hazardous to health (“bio”). On the other hand, there were appeals to explicitly behave like a consumer when it came to welfare state services. These two dimensions of politically-morally charged consumption produced terms such as “political consumer”. Accordingly, the social figure of the “political consumer” was supposed to, by way of selection decisions, influence solutions for problems at the fringes or beyond the steering possibilities of democratic societies. As a result, it was stated, the citizens´ opportunities to participate would be extended; vice versa also the responsibility of the consumer would be emphasized. On the one hand, these new ways of participation were market-like, due to legal equality, and on the other hand they were organised as a kind of protest. However, from these new claims to participation there also developed new interactions with several dimensions of inequality: firstly, when it comes to socio-economic inequality, as participation opportunities depend on material preconditions as well as those of education and information. Secondly, boycotts as well as the moral idealisation of the new citizen consumers resulted in inequality in the form of not accepting all those not responding to these demands. Furthermore, there developed new political-social lines of conflict, due to the discursive configuration of a new group of society, that is the “new educated citizen consumers”.As the starting point for we have decided for the Solidarity-with-Latin America-movement of the 1970s. The contacts of this movement to Church initiatives on the spread of a moral and political consumption awareness, leading to the founding of the so called (3rd or One) World Shops, are another field of analysis of the project. Parallel and in ideological as well as sometimes also personal connection to this there developed the bio-, eco or alternative movements, for which the moralisation and politicisation of consumption was a core element. In the 1990s, as a result of offensive labelling, this movement differentiated further.