ERN/Ne and Feedback-Negativity as correlates of dispositional anxiety: On the experimental investigation of reactive control and suggestibility

本研究探讨了事件相关电位（ERP）中的错误相关负波（ERN/Ne）和反馈负波（FN）成分与焦虑/焦虑性忧虑（AApp）的关系。在一项荟萃分析中，Moser、Moran、Schroder、Donnellan和Yeung（2013）观察到ERN/NE与AA呈负相关。Moser et al.（2013）认为，沿着AA增加的负面认知会分散持续目标激活的注意力。这导致了错误后的补偿性反应性目标激活和更明显的ERN/Ne（补偿性错误监测假说）-特别是在AA分数较高的个体中。焦虑的诱发要求焦虑不会诱发更高的状态焦虑和焦虑唤醒（AArou）。对忧虑的操纵最多应该与认知直接相关。因此，本项目的一个主要目标是比较Moser等人（2013）的补偿性错误监控假设和错误的厌恶性影响的替代解释（Proudfit等人，2013年）。由于补偿性错误监测假设和错误的厌恶性影响的假设将与国家反刍，Gudjonsson消化量表和AArou的个体差异进行研究，我们验证了相应的德国改编的问卷（研究1）。在研究2中，我们通过实验研究了在数字侧翼任务中具有较高AApp和更明显ERN/Ne活性的个体中反应控制增加的假设（斯塔尔，2010）。在这项任务中，我们实验操纵负面认知/担心中性和负面暗示性的性能反馈和厌恶的影响，错误的中性和厌恶的音调。最后，在研究3中，我们研究了性能不兼容（即，不正确的）表现反馈的个人与较高的与较低的焦虑ERN/Ne和FN。为了将反馈和暗示性内容结合起来，我们诱导了对性能正确性的不确定性。也就是说，个人将面临反馈，他们的反应发生得比根据预定义的时间间隔所需的更慢。我们预计，具有较高的焦虑分数的个人将更容易对性能不兼容的反馈，导致较小的FN性能兼容和性能不兼容的错误反馈之间的差异。总之，该项目对解释焦虑，焦虑性和ACC相关ERP变化的神经基础做出了重要贡献。

The present project investigates the relationship of the Error-related Negativity (ERN/Ne) and the Feedback Negativity (FN) components of the event-related potential (ERP) with dispositional anxiety/anxious apprehension (AApp). In a meta-analysis, Moser, Moran, Schroder, Donnellan, and Yeung (2013) observed a negative correlation of ERN/NE with AA. Moser et al. (2013) suggested that negative cognitions which go along with increased AA distract from continuous goal activation. This leads to compensatory reactive goal activation following errors and to a more pronounced ERN/Ne (compensatory error-monitoring hypothesis) – especially in individuals with higher AA scores. The induction of worries requires that the worries do not induce higher state-anxiety and anxious arousal (AArou). The manipulation of worries should at best be most directly related to cognitions. Therefore, one main goal of the present project is to compare evidence of the compensatory error-monitoring hypothesis of Moser et al. (2013) and of the alternative explanation on the aversive impact of errors (Proudfit et al., 2013). As the compensatory error-monitoring hypothesis and the hypothesis on the aversive impact of errors will be investigated with individual differences on state-rumination, Gudjonsson suggestibility scales, and AArou, we validate the corresponding German adaptations of the questionnaires (Study 1). In Study 2, we experimentally investigate the hypothesis on increased reactive control in individuals with higher AApp and more pronounced ERN/Ne activity in a digit-flanker task (Stahl, 2010). In this task, we experimentally manipulate negative cognitions/worries following neutral and negative suggestive performance feedback and the aversive impact of errors by means of neutral and aversive tones. Finally, in Study 3 we investigate the effect of performance-incompatible (i.e., incorrect) performance feedback of individuals with higher vs. lower anxiety on ERN/Ne and FN. To couple feedback and suggestive content, we induce uncertainty about correctness of performance. That is, individuals will be confronted with feedback that their responses occurred more slowly than required according to a pre-defined time interval. We expect that individuals with higher anxiety scores would be more suggestible towards performance-incompatible feedback resulting in smaller FN-differences between performance-compatible and performance-incompatible error feedback. In sum, the project makes an essential contribution on the explanation of neural foundations on anxiety, suggestibility, and variations on ACC-related ERPs.