Tubular phononic crystal sensor platform for (bio)chemical liquid analysis

本课题旨在研究一类新型声子晶体——管状声子晶体（TPCs）及其在管状声子晶体传感器——管状钟中的应用。我们的愿景是一种全新的传感器概念，用于在线监测管道（化学）或容器（医学）等圆柱形结构中的液体。物理上的挑战是由晶格几何从二维平面或三维笛卡尔平移对称到三维圆柱平移和旋转对称的根本变化所产生的声子晶体的公式和物理描述。从化学传感器在分析物界面测量到新型传感器确定分析物的体积特性，这是一项工程挑战。考虑到液体中的声场和固体中的弹性场的基本相互作用，这个新概念将得到充分的探讨。声波将被调整，使它们扰动管道或容器中的小体积液体，从而揭示其物理特性。该项目将提供一个平台，用于确定体积特性背后未被发现的信息，这是一种对液体和混合物潜在化学或生物医学现象的全新途径。这些目标将通过四个研究线来实现：1。管状声子晶体的发展，这是一类周期性结构的弹性圆柱体，用于波沿旋转轴传播。tpc将构成一个全新的器件家族，其几何形状在文献中迄今尚未被考虑。小共振液体区域声能局部化的先进人工结构研究。这一部分包括宏观和微观尺度上声场和弹性场之间的相互作用。新型声传感器管钟的演变。将深入分析声子谐振器，考虑分析物的特性，即声速和质量密度，以及粘度和其他耗散值，转化为TPC的声学特性，即选定模式的共振频率和带宽4。实现TPC和管钟样机，用于理论研究的实验验证，并作为新传感器概念的演示。目标频率分辨率为10-5 f0，争取声速分辨率<0.05 m/s。该项目需要固体物理、材料科学、微制造和测量科学之间的跨学科工作。该项目的重要里程碑是：(i)证明充满液体的管状结构中的声子带隙（ii）声波在管状结构中的激发、传播和检测以及与共振模式的耦合必须进行探索和优化（iii）必须建立声学值与材料特性和液体混合物组成之间的关系，以将物理结果转化为可测量的传感器效应

The project aims at a new class of phononic crystals, Tubular Phononic Crystals (TPCs) and their application as Tubular Phononic Crystal Sensor, the Tubular Bell. Our vision is a fundamentally new sensor concept for in-line monitoring of liquids in cylindrical structures like pipes (chemistry) or vessels (medicine). The physical challenge is formulation and physical description of phononic crystals created by a radical change of lattice geometry from 2D planar or 3D Cartesian with translational symmetry to 3D cylindrical with both translational and rotational symmetries. The engineering challenge is the ultimate change from chemical sensors measuring at the interface to an analyte to a new sensor class determining volumetric properties of an analyte. This novel concept will be fully explored considering fundamental interactions of acoustic fields in liquids and elastic fields in solids. Acoustic waves will be tailored so that they perturb sub-volumes of liquids in pipes or vessels revealing their physical properties. The project will deliver a platform for determination of undiscovered information behind volumetric properties due to a fundamentally new access to underlying chemical or biomedical phenomena of liquids and mixtures.These objectives will be accomplished by means of four research lines:1. Development of Tubular Phononic Crystals, a class of periodically structured elastic cylinders for wave propagation along the revolution axis. TPCs will constitute a completely new family of devices with geometries not considered so far in literature2. Investigation of advanced artificial structures to localize acoustic energy in small resonant liquid regions. This part includes the interaction between the acoustic and elastic fields at both macroscopic and microscopic scales3. Evolution of the Tubular Bell as new class of acoustic sensor. The phononic resonators will be deeply analyzed, considering the transduction of properties of an analyte, namely sound velocities and mass density as well as viscosity and other dissipation values, into acoustic properties of the TPC, namely resonance frequency and bandwidth of selected modes4. Realization of TPC and Tubular Bell prototypes for experimental proof of theoretical investigations and as demonstrator of the new sensor conceptThe target frequency resolution is 10-5 f0, striving for a sound velocity resolution <0.05 m/s. The project requires interdisciplinary work between solid state physics, material science, microfabrication, and measurement science. Significant milestones for the project are:(i) Demonstration of phononic band gaps in liquid-filled tubular structures(ii) Acoustic wave excitation, propagation, and detection in tubular structures and the coupling to resonant modes must be explored and optimized(iii) The relation between acoustic values and material properties and composition of liquid mixtures must be established to transfer the physical results into a measurable sensor effect