The Participation of Women in Rulership in Early Modern Times. Regencies in the Holy Roman Empire in a Western European Perspective

在近代早期，通过替代统治领土是女性获得政治权力地位的一种既定可能性。尽管当代对这种做法的批评，但在许多欧洲国家和神圣罗马帝国的许多领土上都可以找到女性摄政王。对于后者，这种现象几乎没有被研究过。现有的少数研究集中在个别妇女身上。对于男性摄政王和集体行使摄政王权力的男女群体，实际上没有专门的研究。完全缺乏比较研究。该项目旨在用比较的方法调查神圣罗马帝国的摄政，包括领土和性别，并在西欧王朝国家的背景下解释它们。地域比较使研究结果能够从其区域特殊性以及总体欧洲意义的角度来理解。此外，它使人们能够确定具体的结构条件或个别摄政王本身是否造成了领土之间的异同。按性别进行比较将澄清女性摄政王的政治行动是否因其性别而受到限制，或者是否某些同样适用于男性摄政王的结构条件更为相关。由于其频率和持续时间往往很长，监护摄制是主要的焦点。该项目的结果将发表在专题论文（论文）的基础上，对<s:1>符腾堡公国和萨沃伊的案例研究。在15世纪到17世纪之间，这两个地区都经历了几次由女性、男性和/或摄政团体领导的监护摄政。除了专著外，还将编写《神圣罗马帝国领土摄政手册（1495-1806）》。它将为近代早期帝国领土上的所有摄政提供必要的信息，包括文献和档案来源的信息，讨论所讨论的摄政的关键方面，并确定研究视角。

The rule of a territory by substitution was an established possibility for women in early modern times to obtain a position of political power. Despite contemporary criticism of the practice, female regents can be found in many European states and numerous territories of the Holy Roman Empire. For the latter, the phenomenon has hardly been investigated. The few existing studies concentrate on individual women. For male regents and for groups of men and women exercising a regency collectively, there is practically no specialised research. Comparative studies are lacking entirely. The project aims at investigating regencies in the Holy Roman Empire with a comparative approach, both territorial and gender-specific, and at interpreting them in the context of the western European dynastic state. The territorial comparison allows findings to be understood in terms of their regional particularities as well as their general European significance. In addition, it enables one to determine whether specific structural conditions or the individual regents themselves account for similarities and differences between the territories. The gender-specific comparison will clarify if the political actions of female regents were limited because of their sex or if certain structural conditions, also applicable to male regents, were more relevant. Because of their frequency and often long duration, custodial regencies are the main focus. The results of the project will be published in a monograph (dissertation) based on case studies on the duchies of Württemberg and of Savoy. Both territories saw several custodial regencies between the 15th and the 17h century led by women, men and/or groups of regents. In addition to the monograph, a "Handbook of the Regencies in the Territories of the Holy Roman Empire 1495–1806" will be compiled. It will supply essential information for all regencies that were in place in the territories of the Empire in early modern times, comprise information on literature and archival sources, discuss pivotal aspects of the regencies in question and identify research perspectives.