Interferometric Observations of Benchmark Stars for Calibrating Large Stellar Surveys of the Milky Way

该项目的研究目标是提供恒星的精确恒星参数，这些恒星将被用作银河系大型恒星调查的黄金标准恒星，例如，天体测量空间使命任务Gaia及其地基光谱补充观测Gaia-ESO和许多其他任务。I. Karovicova（申请人）获得了与恒星勘测小组合作选定的恒星样本的干涉仪观测结果。这些是特别挑选的恒星，具有广泛的金属丰度和演化阶段。本文介绍了I. Karovicova提供角直径的精确测量，并提供有效温度的准确直接测定。这些有效温度与光谱模型无关，并且与标准光谱和光度测量方法相比具有更高的精度。直接确定的，完全独立的，有效的温度是必不可少的测试和改进恒星大气模型和合成光谱。这些是正确评估调查源的大气参数所必需的。该项目将为基准恒星的样本提供精确和均匀的参数，这将有助于校准不仅是个别调查，如盖亚，GALAH，APOGEE和盖亚-ESO，但它也将有助于正确地交叉校准它们。整个天文学界将从这项研究中受益，因为使用单一、均匀的金标准恒星样本是正确校准和交叉校准不同大型恒星调查的唯一途径，从而充分利用调查数据的巨大潜力，从而促进我们对银河系结构和演化的理解。

The research aim of the project is to deliver precise stellar parameters of stars that will be used as gold standard stars for large stellar surveys of the Milky Way, e.g., the astrometric space mission Gaia and its ground-based spectroscopic complementary survey Gaia-ESO and many others. I. Karovicova (applicant) obtained interferometric observations of a sample of stars that were chosen in collaboration with stellar survey teams. Those are specially selected stars with an extensive range in metallicity and evolutionary phases. The interferometric observations of these stars obtained by I. Karovicova provide precise measurements of angular diameters and deliver accurate direct determination of effective temperatures. These effective temperatures are spectroscopically model-independent and have much higher accuracy compared to the ones delivered by standard spectroscopic and photometric methods. The directly determined, and fully independent, effective temperatures are essential for testing and improving stellar-atmosphere models and synthetic spectra. Those are required for the correct assessment of the atmospheric parameters of survey sources. The presented project will deliver precise and homogenize parameters for a sample of benchmark stars that will help to calibrate not only the individual surveys such as Gaia, GALAH, APOGEE, and Gaia-ESO, but it will also help to correctly cross-calibrate them. The entire astronomical community will benefit from this study because using a single, homogeneous sample of gold standard stars is the only way how to properly calibrate and cross-calibrate different large stellar surveys and thus fully employ the great potential the survey data hold, and thereby advance our understanding of the structure and evolution of our Galaxy.