Real-Time Publish/Subscribe for the Industrial Internet of Things

RTiPS-4-IIoT项目涉及未来高度灵活的智能工厂中的工业物联网（IIoT），所有信息技术都无缝互连，员工，机器人和人工智能紧密合作。智能工厂中的潜在应用范围从具有硬实时约束的生产控制，到具有软实时约束的增强现实环境，再到连接运营信息系统和办公信息技术的尽力而为流量。在融合网络基础设施中支持这种具有不同严格性的实时约束的混合是一项挑战。对于这种情况，融合网络基础设施应该提供灵活且解耦的m：n通信，同时支持多种实时流量。对于实现来说，发布/订阅通信是一个很好的选择，因为它已经被工业物联网领域的标准、产品和项目所推广和使用。然而，现有的方法目前不支持硬实时，因为发布/订阅的灵活性难以与硬实时约束所需的可预测性联合收割机相结合。但随着软件定义网络（SDN）和时间敏感网络（TSN）的出现，这种情况已经改变。有了这些新技术，这种结合现在变得切实可行，也非常有前途。因此，该项目研究了一个融合的网络基础设施，支持特定于应用程序的实时约束与不同的严格性，并使用发布/订阅和软件定义的网络实现。首先，研究了发布/订阅通信环境下的实时约束建模。然后，开发的模型是规划通信关系并将其实施到使用SDN和TSN的网络中的基础。在项目的后期，研究了在不增加已经保证的实时约束的情况下重新配置运行系统的方法，并确保规划也可扩展到更大的场景。

The project RTiPS-4-IIoT deals with the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) in a future highly-flexible smart factory in that all information technology is seamlessly interconnected and employees, robots, and artificial intelligence cooperate tightly. Potential applications in a smart factory range from control of production having hard real-time constraints, over augmented reality environments with soft real-time constraints to best effort traffic, which connects operational information systems and office information technology. Supporting this mix of real-time constraints with varying strictness in a converged network infrastructure is challenging.For this scenario, a converged network infrastructure should offer flexible and decoupled m:n communication, while supporting several classes of real-time traffic at the same time. For an implementation, publish/subscribe communication is a good choice, as it is promoted and already used by standards, products, and projects in the area of the IIoT. However, existing approaches do currently not support hard real-time, because the flexibility of publish/subscribe is difficult to combine with the predictability necessary for hard real-time constraints. But this situation has changed with the advent of software defined networking (SDN) and time sensitive networking (TSN). With these new technologies, this combination now becomes practicable and also very promising. The project, therefore, researches a convergent network infrastructure that supports application-specific real-time constraints with varying strictness and that is implemented using publish/subscribe and software-defined networking. First, modeling real-time constraints in the context of publish/subscribe communication is researched. The developed models are, then, the basis for planning the communication relationshipsand for implementing them into the network using SDN and TSN. Later in the project, approaches to reconfigure a running system without sacrifying already guaranteed real-time constraints are investigated and it is ensured that planning also scales to larger scenarios.