Ancient Codes of Medical Deontology

该项目侧重于医学伦理学的研究，特别是希腊-罗马古代的医学义务论。基于对所谓的希波克拉底语料库的论文的基础文本调查，该项目将重建古代规范医患关系的伦理规则的基本方面。该项目的创新之处在于，它将深入的文本语言学分析与迄今为止在很大程度上被忽视的关键来源的历史解释调查相结合。这些来源是希波克拉底的论文《遗嘱》、《预知》、《decenti habitu》和《医学》，它们可以被解释为西方医学史上第一个适当的义务论代码。可能是为医学学生准备的，它们收集了行为准则、床边礼仪和医生礼仪。该项目将解决这些来源不断向现代读者提出的几个关键和具有挑战性的问题：这些义务论代码是如何起源的？是什么文化、社会和哲学上的原因导致了他们的修订？最后，导致这些道德规范的选择、系统化和传播的具体标准是什么？在我对希波克拉底义务论文本的研究中，我将采用三种截然不同但又互补的方法：a)文本批判方法，它将提供两篇论文的可靠批判版本，这两篇论文仍然需要严格的语言学工作（De decenti habitu和De medico）；b)从共时性角度的历史方法，将与其他古代文学和碑文来源对话，研究希波克拉底关于医学义务论的四篇论文（《遗嘱》、《预见性》、《decenti habitu》和《医学》）；c)从历时角度的历史方法，将着眼于古代晚期和中世纪早期对希波克拉底义务论的接受，特别关注萨勒诺医学院之前的拉丁义务论著作，并显示出与希波克拉底四篇论文的显著相似之处。

The project focuses on the study of medical ethics and, in particular, medical deontology in Greco-Roman antiquity. Based on a foundational textual investigation of treatises belonging to the so-called Hippocratic Corpus, the project will reconstruct essential aspects of the ethical rules that regulated the relationship between physicians and patients in antiquity. The innovative character of the project lies in its combination of an in-depth textual-philological analysis with a historical-interpretive investigation of key sources that - up to now - have been largely neglected. These sources are the Hippocratic treatises Testamentum, Praecepta, De decenti habitu and De medico, which can be interpreted as the first proper deontological codes in the history of Western medicine. Probably intended for students of medicine, they collect rules of behaviour, bedside manners and etiquette for physicians. The project will address several crucial and challenging questions that these sources continually pose to modern readers: how did these deontological codes originate? What were the cultural, social and philosophical reasons that led to their redaction? And, lastly, what were the specific criteria that led to the selection, systematisation and transmission of these ethical norms through time? I will adopt three distinct, yet complementary approaches in my investigation of the Hippocratic deontological texts: a) a text-critical approach, which will provide reliable critical editions of the two treatises that still require a rigorous philological work (De decenti habitu and De medico); b) a historical approach from a synchronic perspective, which will look at the four Hippocratic treatises on medical deontology (Testamentum, Praecepta, De decenti habitu and De medico) in dialogue with other ancient literary and epigraphic sources; c) a historical approach from a diachronic perspective, which will look at the reception of the Hippocratic deontology in late antiquity and the early Middle Ages, with special attention to Latin deontological writings that predate the Medical School of Salerno and show significant similarities with the four Hippocratic treatises.