SFB 1412: Register: Language-Users’ Knowledge of Situational-Functional Variation

CRC 1412 Register：Language Users' Knowledge of Situational-Functional Variation（英语：CRC 1412 Register：Language Users' Knowledge of Situational-Functional Variation）是一本研究语言使用者语域知识的书籍。有能力的演讲者可以在每个语言层面上调整他们的语言行为，以应对当前的情况：情景和功能参数，如话语的目的，说话者和听话者之间的关系，或模式（在许多其他人中）负责词汇选择，如妈妈和母亲之间的选择，隐喻的比例，句子的复杂性，文本的组织方式，或者甚至是德语第一人称单数动词中schwa词尾的比例。在多语言环境中，环境参数常常影响语言的选择。因此，我们关注的是个体内部的语言变异。在CRC Register的第一阶段，我们使用并扩展了语料库语言学和实验方法，以仔细研究情景和功能参数及其对特定语言参数的影响。我们发现语域效应是普遍存在的，但也看到了语言水平之间有趣的差异。在第一阶段的许多有趣的发现的基础上，第二阶段的重点是在语法，语言习得，语言处理和语言变化的模型中整合这种语域变化。有些语域知识是很早就获得的，即使是相对年幼的孩子也会根据不同的情况调整他们的语言行为，但与此同时，语域知识在整个生命周期中都会变化和扩展（特别是，但不仅仅是，在正式语域的情况下）。为了能够恰当地表现自己，并理解他人的恰当行为，说话者必须，一方面，知道哪些替代品（妈妈/母亲，大约8点/7：49 am，ich lache/ich lach“我笑”等）。另一方面，了解哪些情境和功能参数有利于哪种选择。这两个方面都可能随着时间的推移而发生变化，因此，语域也必须被视为语言变化的一个重要因素。总之，CRC的目标是在所有语言水平上的一系列现象上，以及在不同的语言和语言阶段中，对语言语域知识的各个方面以及语法知识进行建模。为此，我们将整合语言模型、形式模型和统计模型。

The CRC 1412 Register: Language Users’ Knowledge of Situational-Functional Variation investigates aspects of the register knowledge of the speakers of a language. Competent speakers can adapt their linguistic behavior on every linguistic level in response to the current situation: Situational and functional parameters such as the purpose of an utterance, the relationship between speaker and hearer, or the mode (among many others) are responsible for lexical choices such as the one between mom and mother, the proportion of metaphors, the complexity of sentences, the way a text is organized, or even the proportion of schwa endings in German 1st person singular verbs. In multilingual situations, situational parameters often influence the choice of language. We are thus concerned with intraindividual linguistic variation. In Phase I of CRC Register, we used and expanded corpus-linguistic and experimental methods to carefully investigate situational and functional parameters and their influence on specific linguistic parameters. We found register effects to be pervasive but saw interesting differences between the linguistic levels. Building on the many and fascinating findings from Phase I, the focus of Phase II is on the integration of such register variation in models of grammar, language acquisition, language processing, and language change. Some register knowledge is acquired early—even relatively young children adapt their linguistic behavior to different situations—but at the same time, register knowledge changes and expands over the entire lifespan (especially, but not only, in the case of formal registers). In order to be able to behave register-appropriately themselves and to understand register-appropriate behavior in others, speakers must, on the one hand, know which alternatives (mom/mother, around 8 o’clock/7:49 am, ich lache/ich lach ‚I laugh‘, etc.) are available and, on the other, understand which situational and functional parameters favor which alternative. Both aspects can change over time, such that register must also be recognized as an essential factor in language change. In sum, the CRC aims to model aspects of linguistic register knowledge, together with grammatical knowledge, on a range of phenomena on all linguistic levels, and in diverse languages and language stages. To that end, we will integrate verbal models, formal models, and statistical models.