Journalism Challenged: Understanding Performative Publics through Media Practice

基于实践理论框架，该项目对“表演性公众”（l<s:1> nenborg/Raetzsch）如何出现有了新的理解。考虑到数字和网络媒体的日常实践条件，该项目询问新闻在与其他形式的公共表达方面继续发挥什么作用。该项目借鉴了当前研究的三个方面：研究数字和网络条件下的新闻转型，研究公众的性别维度，以及运用实践理论理解媒体变革和社会变革的理论发展。该项目分析了“个人公众”的个人表达和通过民间社会行动者出现的公众对新闻权威的挑战。从经验上看，该项目调查了两个理论上有动机的案例研究。第一部分将重现2016年新年前夜在科隆发生的针对女性的性侵事件中，公众的反应（#KoelnHbf）。作为第二个案例，我们分析并从民族志角度观察围绕#Metoo的权力滥用辩论，特别关注新闻业短期新闻周期的不同时间性和民间社会行动者的长期动员努力。分析方法结合了数字方法、内容分析、专家访谈和民族志，分析实践元素（物质性、能力和意义）之间的联系如何创造出性别化的说话者位置。通过分析从个人传播到公共传播的“公共层面”之间的越界，反之亦然，可以分析地模拟表演公众话语立场的多样性。该项目调查了以下研究问题。1)在这两种情况下，专业记者、公民社会行动者和个人如何以及在多大程度上参与到表演性公众的出现中？随着时间的推移，在这三个群体之间的实践元素的联系或破裂中可以感知到什么模式？2)在这两个案例中，新闻实践的具体作用是什么？个人和民间社会行动者如何以及在多大程度上挑战记者或新闻实践？3)性别、阶级和种族/民族在#KoelnHbf和#Metoo的表演公众中是如何表达的？在这些话语中，哪些说话者的立场是可见的，哪些立场是隐藏的或被边缘化的？哪些比较维度可以用来系统地挑战新闻权威和非记者之间的网络模式？该项目的目的是在新闻学研究中建立一种创新的基于实践的方法。通过包括跨媒体格式和平台的边缘化演讲者位置，该方法调查了表演性公众的出现，并概述了新闻在扩大的公共传播空间中的核心挑战。

Based on a practice theoretical framework, this project develops a new understanding of how “performative publics” (Lünenborg/Raetzsch) emerge. Taking into account the conditions of quotidian practices with digital and networked media, the project asks what role journalism continues to have in relation to other forms of public articulation. The project draws on three strands of current research: Research on the transformation of journalism under digital and networked conditions, research on the gendered dimensions of publics, and theoretical developments of using practice theory to understand media change and social change. The project analyses challenges to journalistic authority arising from individual articulations of ‘personal publics’ and publics emerging through civil society actors. Empirically, the project investigates two theoretically motivated case studies. The first will reconstruct the emergence of various publics around the sexualised attacks on women on New Year’s Eve 2016 in Cologne (#KoelnHbf). As a second case, we analyse and ethnographically observe the debate about power abuse around #Metoo, focusing especially on the different temporalities of short term news cycles in journalism and the long term mobilising efforts of civil society actors. The analytic approach combines digital methods, content analysis, expert interviews and ethnography, to analyse how links between elements of practices (materiality, competences, and meanings) create gendered speaker positions.Through analysing transgressions between ‘layers of publicness’ from personal to public communication and vice versa, the diversity of discursive positions in performative publics can be analytically modelled.The project investigates the following research questions.1) How and to what degree do professional journalists, civil society actors and individuals become involved in the emergence of performative publics in both cases? What patterns are perceivable in the linking or rupturing of elements of practice among these three groups over time?2) What is/was the specific role of journalistic practice in both cases? How and to what degree do individuals and civil society actors challenge journalists or journalistic practices? 3) How are gender, class and race/ethnicity articulated in the performative publics of #KoelnHbf and #Metoo? Which speaker positions become visible in these discourses, which positions remain hidden or are marginalised? What comparative dimensions can be employed to systematise challenges to journalistic authority and patterns of networks among non-journalists?The aim of the project is to establish an innovative practice-based approach in journalism studies. By including marginalised speaker positions across media formats and platforms, the approach investigates the emergence of performative publics and outlines core challenges for journalism in an expanded public space of communication.