Quantum dynamics of impurities with long-range impurity-bath interactions

这一研究项目旨在开发新的理论工具，用于研究具有长程杂质-浴场相互作用的简并原子量子气体中量子杂质的非平衡动力学。将考虑两个特殊的和实验相关的杂质浴系统：超冷气体中的俘获离子；偶极费米海中的偶极杂质。后者的杂质-熔池相互作用的强各向异性特征代表了一种在杂质物理中很大程度上未被探索的性质。为此，量子光学方法(如主方程)和凝聚态方法(如图解技术)将结合在一起，为开放多体量子系统提供一种新的强大机制。通过对量子杂质的这种混合非平衡描述，将解决两个主要的科学问题：杂质内部和运动自由度的短期和长期动力学；用于配对和纠缠产生的杂质之间的浴诱导相互作用。虽然拟议的研究只是理论上的，但可以预见到与实验者的密切合作。因此，该项目将为发展量子模拟器以研究固体物理中的杂质问题和当前的前沿实验研究做出强有力的贡献。

This research project aims at developing novel theory tools for the out-of-equilibrium dynamics of quantum impurities in degenerate atomic quantum gases with long-range impurity-bath interactions. Two particular and experimental relevant impurity-bath systems will be considered: trapped ions in an ultracold gas; dipolar impurities in a dipolar Fermi sea. The strong anisotropic character of the impurity-bath interaction of the latter represents a property largely unexplored in impurity physics. To this end, quantum optical approaches like master equations and condensed-matter methods such as diagrammatic techniques will be combined in order to afford a new powerful machinery for open many-body quantum systems. Two main scientific questions will be addressed with such hybrid out-of-equilibrium description of quantum impurities: the short- and long-time dynamics of the impurity’s internal and motional degrees of freedom; bath-induced interactions between impurities for pairing and entanglement generation. While the proposed study is theoretical, close collaboration with experimentalists is foreseen. Hence, this project will provide a strong contribution to the development of quantum simulators for the investigation of the impurity problem in solid-state physics and to current cutting-edge experimental research.