Manipulation of Objects from Graves – Aspects of Ritual and Symbolic Communication between Late Bronze Age and Late Latène Period in South and Southwest Germany

坟墓属于史前和史前考古学的主要来源，因为它们允许对信仰和象征世界的推断。坟墓中的物品通常被解释为与死者有关的陪葬品，作为其社会地位或具有“传记相关性”的指标。然而，对这些物体的处理很少得到处理，即使它留下了可见的痕迹。事实上，几乎在每一个史前时期和史前时期，都有来自坟墓的被操纵的物品--通常是武器。他们经常被机械地对待，E。G.它们被故意折断、卷曲或折叠。但也有更微妙的现象记录在案，如通过采取与功能相关的元素来使无用，部分全部，将物体分裂成几个坟墓或倒置。该项目旨在对德国南部和西南部从青铜时代晚期/瓮田时期到拉丁时期末的选定考古遗址进行比较调查，以确定对墓葬物品、连续性和断裂的处理的具体特征及其原因。同时发生的以及（至少在形式上）可比较的操纵的“转移”使得我们能够从仪式理论的角度分析不同的社会空间（仪式场所、贮藏地、定居点）--这些理论与实践相联系。有条不紊地，一种侧重于文化研究和文化人类学的方法被选择，理解选择，破坏，破碎或包装明确作为社会实践，创造意义的象征和/或仪式的沟通，必须被视为葬礼仪式的一个组成部分。

Graves belong to the main sources of Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology as they permit inferences on beliefs and symbolic worlds. Objects from graves are usually interpreted as grave goods related to the deceased, as an indicator of their social status or of having ›biographical relevance‹. The handling of the objects, however, is only rarely addressed, even if it has left visible traces. Actually, there are manipulated objects from graves – often weapons – in nearly every pre- and protohistorical period. Frequently they have been treated mechanically, e. g. they were deliberately broken, curled-up or folded. But there are also more ›subtle‹ phenomena documented, like rendering useless by taking elements relevant to function, pars pro toto, the splitting of objects to several graves or inversion. The project aims at a comparative investigation of chosen archaeological sites in South and Southwest Germany from the Late Bronze Age/Urnfield Period to the end of the Latène Period to work out the concrete character of the manipulation of grave goods, continuities and breaks as well as their causes. The simultaneous occurrence as well as a ›shift‹ of (at least formally) comparable manipulations enables an analysis of different social spaces (ritual places, hoards, settlements) from a perspective on ritual theory – linked by practices. Methodically, an approach focused on Cultural Studies and Cultural Anthropology is chosen that understands selecting, destruction, fragmentation or wrapping explicitly as social practices to create meaning in the context of symbolic and/or ritual communication that must be seen as an integral part of the funerary ritual.