ADOPT - Adaptive Optics for THz

电磁波束控制，特别是在太赫兹范围内，在通信(6G)或传感和成像方面受到越来越多的关注。尽管最近已经为这些目的开发了各种透射式或反射式反射器，但与简单的金属反射器相比，它们的效率仍然有限。组合波束控制和聚焦需要一个多驱动器系统，允许大工作范围的反射镜的旋转和线性移动。多稳态协作执行器系统满足了这些要求。一个突出的例子是詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜的主镜，它利用六角形镜片与致动器相结合来实现每个镜片的单独对准。因此，在该项目中，我们将研究用于THz-Apply的自适应光学的协作多稳态线性和旋转致动器的组合。采用建立在我们以前的项目踢和接球的研究基础上，在该项目中，我们详细阐述了自由可移动质量的双稳态离面运动和球体的准连续倾角。现在，我们将采取下一步：我们将在一个具有更多稳定位置的设备中集成从踢和接球两种机制。单个集成元件将排列成阵列，以证明最终的整体功能，即自适应太赫兹反射镜。每个镜面元件由一个活塞组成，活塞可以通过从其初始位置起的脉冲式加速度和随后在所需悬浮位置的卡爪到达多个垂直静止位置。在该装置的顶部，一个带有六角镜板的球帽可以通过许多后续的小脉冲来旋转。然后，这些元素中的七个将被安排成一个模块，这将为具有更多模块的更大系统奠定基础。这允许同步重定向以及通过调整曲率来重聚焦。由于太赫兹辐射的波长很大，对成像的要求很低，而大视场和单镜的相对偏转是很重要的。该系统在线性系统和全静电倾斜系统中提供了压电式踢腿和磁捕获器的配合。该装置将高度小型化，它包括微执行器、多稳定器、内部传感和控制。四个研究小组将联手应对采用新的合作驱动概念的挑战。四个合作伙伴中的两个，Ulrike Wallrabe和Martin Hoffmann，长期专注于微执行器。塔玛拉·贝克泰尔是多物理系统建模和系统级仿真方面的专家。最后，Christoph Ament提供了控制理论方面的专业知识，重点是纳米定位。

Electromagnetic beam steering, especially in the THz range, is attracting more and more attention with respect to communication (6G) or sensing and imaging. While various transmit- or reflectarrays have recently been developed for these purposes, their efficiency is still limited compared to simple metal reflectors. Combined beam steering and focusing requires a multi-actuator system that allows a rotational as well as a linear shift of mirrors with large working ranges. Multistable cooperative actuator systems fulfill these requirements. A prominent example is the main mirror of the James Webb space telescope that makes use of hexagonal mirror elements in combination with actuators for the individual alignment of each mirror. Within this project, we therefore address the combination of cooperative multistable linear and rotational actuators for Adaptive Optics for THz - ADOPT. ADOPT builds upon our research from our former project Kick and Catch where we elaborated a bi-stable out-of-plane movement of a freely movable mass and quasi-continuous tilt angles of spheres. Now, we will take the next steps: We will integrate both mechanisms from Kick and Catch in one device with a larger number of stable positions. The single integrated elements will be arranged in an array to prove the final overall function, i.e., an adaptive THz mirror. Each mirror element consists of a piston, which can reach multiple vertical resting positions by an impulse-like acceleration from its initial position and a subsequent catch in the desired levitation position. On top of the setup, a sphere cap with an attached hexagonal mirror plate can be rotated by many small subsequent impulses. Seven of these elements will then be arranged to form a module, which will lay the foundations for larger systems with more modules. This allows synchronous redirecting as well as refocusing by adjusting the curvature. Due to the large wavelength of THz radiation, there are only few requirements for imaging, while a large field of view and relative deflection of the single mirrors are important. The system provides a cooperation of a piezoelectric kick and magnetic catch within a linear system and an all-electrostatic tilt system. The set-up will be strongly miniaturized, it comprises micro actuators, multistability, internal sensing and control. Four research groups will join forces to tackle the challenges of the new cooperative actuation concepts of ADOPT. Two of the four partners, Ulrike Wallrabe and Martin Hoffmann, have a long-term focus on microactuators. Tamara Bechtold is an expert in modeling and system-level simulation of multiphysical systems. Finally, Christoph Ament provides the expertise in control theory with a focus on nanopositioning.