Impacts of glaciation, permafrost and tectonic conditions on far-field radionuclide evolution following a potential repository failure case

废物的地质处置必须设在与地下水流充分隔离的地区。否则，在处置库失效的情况下，流体流动过程可能有利于放射性核素迁移到生物圈中。很少有研究涉及在这种最坏情况下远场废物运输的后果。然而，整个系统的水文地质条件最终将不同于建造处置库时遇到的水文地质条件，因为它们受到外部因素（如气候变化）和盆地内在特征的强烈控制。这一环境风险提案旨在调查（一）冰川作用、（二）永久冻土和（三）构造事件对水文和水力力学边界的影响，这些边界控制着假想废物处置库附近的大规模地下水流。为此目的，俄罗斯叶尼塞斯基场址（YS）是一个潜在的结晶岩放射性废物深层地质储存库，可作为一个案例研究，以独特的方式涵盖地质环境的所有上述三个特征。将对热-水力-机械-化学（THM-C）耦合过程进行多物理场模拟，以提供处置库故障最坏情况下远场放射性核素演变的情景。THM-C模型的新奇和对YS独特数据库的访问将拓宽对构造活动盆地内异常流体、热量和物质迁移的经典理解。因此，虽然拟议的主题涉及放射性核素的命运，物理和数值概念的基础上开发的模型可以应用到众多的地圈利用方案（如二氧化碳储存，废物补救，地震成核）。此外，还计划在类似的结晶地质构造中进行相关的基准研究。

Geological disposal of waste must be located in areas that remain sufficiently isolated from groundwater flow. Otherwise, in case of repository failure, fluid flow processes may favor migration of radionuclides into the biosphere. Few studies address the consequences of far-field waste transport in such worst-case scenarios. However, the hydrogeological conditions of the entire system will eventually differ from those encountered at the time of the repository construction as they are strongly controlled by both external factors (e.g. climate change) and intrinsic basin features. This environmental risk proposal aims to investigate the impacts of (i) glaciation, (ii) permafrost and (iii) tectonic events on the hydrological and hydromechanical boundaries that control large-scale groundwater flow near hypothetical waste repositories. For this purpose, the Yeniseisky site (YS) in Russia, a potential deep geological repository of radioactive waste in crystalline rock, serves as a case study encompassing in a unique way all three of the above features of the geological setting. Multiphysics simulations of Thermal-Hydraulic-Mechanical-Chemical (THM-C) coupled processes will be applied in order to provide scenarios of far-field radionuclide evolution in the worst-case scenario of a repository failure. The novelty of the THM-C models and the access to a unique database of the YS will broaden the classical understanding of anomalous fluid, heat and mass migration within tectonically active basins. Accordingly, while the proposed topic relates to radionuclide fate, the physical and numerical concepts underlying the developed models can be applied to a multitude of geosphere utilization-scenarios (e.g. CO 2 storage, waste remediation, seismic nucleation). Furthermore, related benchmark studies in similar crystalline geological formations are planned.