Development of Hydrophilic Functional Elastomers

合成了含有离子中心(季铵盐)和相对非极性的氧四亚甲基、聚丁二烯或聚丁二烯-共聚丙烯腈链段的弹性体，并对其性能进行了研究。以端二甲氨基聚四氢呋喃(AT-PT)和二氯对二甲苯为原料，通过Menschutkin反应合成了含聚氧四亚甲基链段的弹性体。得到的PTI是一种离子烯型聚合物，并且薄膜具有很高的弹性。通过四氢呋喃的活性阳离子聚合，再与联吡啶反应合成了另一种类型的弹性体。所得紫精弹性体(PTV)具有光致变色、光致机械性能和电致变色性能。聚丁二烯(PBV)和聚丁二烯-丙烯腈共聚(NBRV)的紫外烯型弹性体都含有紫罗兰基，在没有任何补强填充剂的情况下表现出优异的拉伸性能。随着紫精单元含量的增加，弹性体的100%弹性模量和拉伸强度都有很大提高，所制备的弹性体均为离子烯型，即含有离子中心。因此，根据其离子位置的含量，它们与水有很大的亲水性。由于聚合物链段的存在，它们也是疏水的，即它们在非极性溶剂如甲苯、苯、氯仿和四氢呋喃中膨胀。这些弹性体优异的拉伸性能可以用离子簇团簇中硬链段结构的存在来解释。

Elastomers containing ionic sites (quaternary ammonium salts) and relatively non-polar oxytetramethylene, poly (butadiene), or poly (butadiene-co-acrylonitrile) segments were synthesized and thier properties were investigated. The ionic sites are hydrophilic and the main chains are consisting of hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts, i. E., the elastomers are amphiphilic.The elastomer having poly (oxytetramethylene) segments were prepared from dimethylamino terminated poly (tetrahydrofuran) (AT-PT) and dichloro-p-xylene via the Menschutkin reaction. The resulted PTI is an ionene-type polymer and the film was found to be highly elastic. PTI also showed very good adherence to the Balelite surface.Another type of elastomer was synthesized by living cationic polymerization of tetrahydrofuran followed by the reaction with bipyridine. The resulted viologen elastomer (PTV) showed photochromic and photomechanical properties as well as electrochromism. The tensile properties were also excellent.Both ionene-type elastomers from Poly (Butadiene) (PBV) and poly (butadiene-co-acrylonitrile) (NBRV) contained violgen units, and displayed excellent tensile properties without compounding any reinforcing fillers. Modulus at 100-% elangation and tensile strength were greatly promoted by the increase of viologen units contents.All the elastomers prepared here were ionene-type i. E., containing ionic sites. Thus they swoll with water very much according to their ionic site contents. Due to the presence of polymeric segments they were also hydrophobic, namely they swell with non-polar solvents such as toluene, benzene, chloroform and tetrahydrofuranThe excellent tensile properties of these elastomers were tentatively explained by the presence of hard-segment domains from the ionic clusters.