Modeling of expression mechanism of productivity of common buckwheat.

虽然荞麦有几个优点，它很容易被纳入种植系统，但它的产量低，非常不稳定。我们长期以来一直在进行一系列的栽培试验，比较荞麦在日本、欧洲和加拿大等广泛地区的生长情况。在分析试验中荞麦生长与栽培地环境因子关系的基础上，对荞麦生产力的表达机制进行了模拟，荞麦植株不同部位的新梢生长、花芽分化与生长、开花、成熟阶段差异较大，各生长阶段较长且相互重叠。此外，由于荞麦是异花植物，个体变异大，荞麦群落的生长阶段非常复杂。因此，很难掌握环境因素对每个生长阶段的影响。为了解决这一难题，首先建立了生长期模型。在此基础上，研究了环境因子、内外因子对花器官发育的影响，并分析了影响花器官发育的昆虫种类和数量。主要昆虫传粉者行为的时间进程变化以及授粉和留在花药中的花粉数量的变化，以及环境因素也进行了密切的研究。在一定程度上阐明了影响受精率的决定因素。此外，还收集了各栽培点的环境因子补充数据，利用这些数据建立了荞麦生长模型，以明确各栽培点的温度、日照长度和降雨量等气候因子与荞麦生长和产量关系的局部性。然而，高产增长的一般模式需要进一步研究和考虑。

Although buckwheat has several advantages in that it is easily taken into cropping system, its yield is low and very unstable. We have long been conducting a series of culture experiments comparing the growth of buckwheat between wide rage of regions, such as those in Japan, Europe and in Canada. On the basis of the analysis of the relationship between the growth in the experiments and environmental factors in the cultivation site, modeling of expression mechanism of productivity of buckwheat was attempted.Stages of shoot growth, flower bud differentiation and growth, flowering, ripening are quite different between the position of a buckwheat plant, and each growth stage is long and overlapping each other. In addition, since buckwheat is an allogamous plant and has a large individual variation, the growth phase of buckwheat community is very complex. It is thus very difficult to grasp the effects of environmental factors on each growth stage. In order to solve this difficulty, growth phase was modeled at first. Effects of environmental and, exo- and endo-genious factors on growth, especially on the process of floral organ formation, were then investigated to support the growth phase modeling.Numbers and kinds of insect pollinator dominating the fertilization and seed setting were investigated. Time course changes in behavior of major insect pollinators together with changes in numbers of pollen pollinated and left in anther, and environmental factors were also closely investigated. Determining factor of the fertilization rate was clarified to a considerable extent. In addition, supplemental data of environmental factors of each cultivation site were collected.From above data, buckwheat growth was modeled to clarify the locality in relationship between such climatic factors as temperature, day length and rainfall, and growth and yield in each cultivation site. General model for high-yielding growth, however, needs further investigation and consideration.