Theoretical and experimental interplay to optimize the EIC design

未来EIC的一个关键目标是以前所未有的精度探索原子核的内部结构。EIC的e+A计划承诺了令人兴奋的、可能是意想不到的结果。事实上，对高能原子核的实验测量经常给我们带来困惑和惊喜，EMC效应的发现和重离子碰撞中的喷注猝灭可以说是最突出的例子之一。令人兴奋的物理学在于对量的研究，对于这些量，原子核揭示它不仅仅是单个质子和中子的集合。EIC将允许接触到这种新的核结构探测器。这个项目有几个组成部分。我们的目的是利用QCD微扰理论中的高阶微扰理论和从实验中获得的最新信息来更新现有的关于原子核的部分子结构的数据的分析。我们还将在欧洲核子研究中心开展e+A物理中的半包含性可观测性研究，这将为核结构提供新的见解。半包含性深度非弹性e+A散射有可能解开味道海的结构。为了充分利用EIC提供的机会，不仅需要最先进的理论QCD计算，还需要改进的蒙特卡罗事件产生器和探测器模拟。后者现在需要在EIC的规划过程中提供。因此，为了我们的研究，我们还将与各自的作者密切合作，推进相关的事件生成器。这项工作的目标是影响和优化未来EIC探测器的设计。

A key goal at the future EIC is to explore the inner structure of atomic nuclei with unprecedented precision. The e+A program at the EIC promises exciting and possibly unexpected results. In fact, experimental measurements on nuclei at high energies have often presented us with puzzles and surprises, the discoveries of the EMC effect and the jet quenching in heavy-ion collisions arguably being among the most prominent examples. The exciting physics lies in the study of quantities for which the nucleus reveals that it is more than just a collection of individual protons and neutrons. The EIC will allow access to such new probes of nuclear structure. This project has several components. We aim at updating the analysis of existing data on the partonic structure of nuclei, using higher ordersin QCD perturbation theory and the latest information available from experiment. We will also carry out studies of semi-inclusive observables in e+A physics at the EIC that will provide new insights into nuclear structure. Semi-inclusive deep-inelastic e+A scattering has the potential to unravel the structure of the flavor sea. It also allows access to transverse-momentum dependent parton distributions in nuclei.To make full use of the opportunities provided by the EIC requires not only state-of-the art theoretical QCD calculations but also improved Monte-Carlo event generators and detector simulations. The latter needto become available already now in the planning process for the EIC.For our studies, we will therefore also advance the relevant event generators, in close collaboration with the respective authors. The goal of this effort is to influence and optimize the design of the future EIC detectors.