EFFECTS OF CIRCUMSTANCE ON BIO-PRODUCTION

在农业和发酵工业领域，不溶性底物和异质微生物起着重要作用。本研究对影响各种发酵的酶的多样性和微生物的异质性进行了研究。Kawachi对原淀粉的消化性表现出多样性。GAI在原淀粉上具有催化位点和亲和位点，能有效降解原淀粉。对原淀粉的亲和位点由fCp和GpI组成，分别是与原淀粉的结合位点和促进原淀粉水化的位点。通过定点诱变，研究了它们的结构与功能之间的关系。2）利用热处理诱导的原二倍体细胞，构建了酿酒酵母的多倍化体系。另一方面，发现酿酒酵母wy2具有一种新的生活史，称为延迟同宗配合。4）丙酮丁醇梭菌在连续传代过程中出现的退化现象是由自发突变引起的。退化菌株在NADH生成系统中存在缺陷，即使在野生型菌株的稳定期也能快速生长。5）利用粪源微生物开发了一种处理畜禽粪便的新工艺。处理过的粪便能促进荧光假单胞菌或非病原真菌的生长，从而降低马铃薯疮痂病的发病率。

In the field of agriculture and fermentation industry, insoluble substrates and heterogeneous microbes play important roles. In this work, we studied on the multiplicity of enzyme and heterogenicity of microbes that affect on various kind of fermentations.1) Glucoamylase of Aspergillus awamori var. kawachi shows multiplicity on digestivity of raw-starch. GAI that effectively digests raw starch had catalytic site and affinity sites on raw-starch. The affinity sites for raw starch were composed o fCp and GpI, which were binding site on raw starch and promoting site of raw-starch hydration, respectively. The relationships between structure and function of them were studied by site-specific mutagenesis.2) Multiploidity of sake-brewery yeast was developed by using mater diploid-cells, that were induced by heat treatment of spores. On the other hand, it was found that Saccharomyces cerevisiae wy2 showed a novel life cycle, named delayd homothallism. It was found tha the strain had a defect in HO gene.4) The degeneration of Clostridium acetobutylicum observed in the serial subculture were found to be caused by spontaneous mutants. The degenerated strain were defected in NADH generation system, and grew rapidly even in the stationary phase of the wild-type strain.5) A new process for animal-feces treatment was developed by using Coprophilous microbes. The treated feces, that enhance the growthof fluorescent pseudomonads or non-pathogenic fungi, could depress the incidence of potato common scab.