Phase Transitions in Dense Astrophysical Plasmas

主要研究结果如下：1.稠密多离子混合等离子体的状态方程和相图用Monte Carlo模拟方法计算了稠密多离子混合等离子体的流体和固相状态方程。通过对自由能的求和规则分析，证实了计算结果的准确性。2.致密恒星物质的状态方程、金属化和能量输运考虑到原子与等离子体粒子之间强耦合的物理效应，研究了部分电离致密恒星物质的状态方程。计算了该物质的电折射率、热折射率和自由-自由不透明度.致密库仑固体中稠核反应速率的热增强通过数值求解晶格势中最近邻核间散射的薛定谔方程，重新计算了整个密度-温度域的稠核反应速率的热增强因子.致密超高压金属中的核聚变结合低温下的稠核反应和由于核间强库仑关联而增强的概念，我们提出了用于聚变研究的“地球上的超新星”方案的具体案例。量子库仑固体中的状态方程和熔化相变用量子Monte Carlo模拟方法计算了单组分等离子体在晶态下的自由能。应用自由能公式计算了致密碳和氦材料的熔化曲线.稠密库仑物质中多体关联的量子模型研究用模拟方法计算了库仑团簇（粒子数为2 ~ 60）的物态方程。由此建立了一个新的库仑流体模型。

Followings are the new findings :1. Equation of State and Phase Diagrams for Dense Multi-Ionic Mixture PlasmasEquations of state for dense multi-ionic mixture plasmas were evaluated for both fluid and solid phases by the Monte Carlo simulation method. The accuracy of the results has been confirmed through a sum-rule analysis of the free energy. Phase diagrams for various BIMs appropriate to white-dwarf interiors were constructed.2.Equation of State, Metallization, and Energy Transport in Dense Stellar MatterEquations of state for partially ionized dense stellar matter were investigated by taking into account physical effects of strong coupling between atoms and plasma particles. Electric and thermal resistivities and free-free opacities were calculated in such matter.3. Thermal Enhancement of Pycnonuclear Reaction rates in Dense Coulomb SolidsThrough a numerical solution to the Schrodinger equation of scattering between nearest-neighbor nuclei in the lattice potential, the thermal enhancement factor of the pycnonuclear rates were newly evaluated for the entire density-temperature domain of Coulomb solids.4. Nuclear Fusion in Dense Ultrahigh Pressure MetalsCombining concepts of pycnonuclear reactions at low temperatures and their enhancement due to strong internuclear Coulombic correlations, we presented concrete cases of a "supernova on the earth" scheme for fusion researches.5. Equation of State and Melting Transition in Quantum Coulomb-SolidsThe free energy of a one-component plasma in a crystalline state was calculated by a quantum Monte Carlo simulation method. The free-energy formula were applied for calculation of the melting curves in dense carbon and helium materials.6. Cluster-Model Study of Many-Body Correlations in Dense Coulomb MatterEquations of state for Coulomb clusters (number of particles are 2 to 60) were evaluated by a simulation method. A novel model for the Coulomb fiuid was thereby constructed.