Investigatoin of the Mountain Tempules in Heian period-An Example of Nyoi-dera

对日本古代佛教寺庙的研究主要集中在阿斯卡-奈良时期，重点是在平州建造的寺庙。考虑到佛教是在日本山教结合的情况下发展起来的，在平安早期，佛教最终被称为金戈布吉或恩里亚库吉，因此对山上寺庙的研究也具有同样的重要性。日本古学会出于上述兴趣，将位于平安京市以东的大津市的一座三原寺--大津寺作为研究对象。据说，这座寺庙的基础可以追溯到公元10世纪……然后被O-Nin内战抛弃，然而，由于历史来源稀少，除了《Onjo-ji Keidai Kozu(描述Onjo-ji领域内几座寺庙位置的旧地图)》之外，确切的奠基日期、建筑或僧侣的日常生活尚未得到很好的阐明。因此，在这项研究中，我们的目的是通过发掘和土地测量来澄清这座寺庙的旧文献与真实位置之间的准确吻合。我们在主庙本应位于的主要区域进行了挖掘。作为挖掘的结果，许多从上个世纪上半叶的遗骸被曝光。我们可以通过平整原始景观来确定这座寺庙的地基到10世纪，然后在13世纪进行修改，使其位置与旧地图上的位置相同。通过这一研究，我们可以获得一份关于平安时期山寺的宝贵资料，为该领域的后续研究提供服务。

The ancient Japanese Buddhistic temples have been studied mainly in Aska-Nara periods focused on the temples built in Heijo-Kyo. Taking account for the fact that the Buddhism was developed with the combination of mountain cults in Japan, which at last took the figures as Kongo-buji or Enryaku-ji in the early Heian Period, the research for the mountain temples has the same importance.The Paleological Association of Japan, from the interest above described, took the Nyoi-dera, a filiative temple of Onjo-ji (Mii-dera) in Otsu, which situated in the Mt.Nyoigadake to the East of Heian-Kyo, as the object. It has been said that the foundation of this temple goes back in the 10th century AD..and then was abandoned by the O-nin civil war, however, because of the meagre historical source except for the 'Onjo-ji Keidai Kozu (an old map which described the location of several temples in the domain of Onjo-ji)', the exact date of the foundation, the buildings or the ordinary life of monks have not been well elucidated. Hence, in this research, we aimed to clarify the exact coincidence between the old document and the real location of this temple by the excavation and land surveying. We excavated in the principal area where the main temple should have been located. As the result of the excavation, numerous remains from the first half of till century have been brought to the light. And we can determinate the foundation of the temple to the 10th Century by levelling the original landscape and then it was modified in the 13th Century to take the same position as figured on the Old Map. By this research we could get a precious data for the Mountain temples of Heian period, which can be served for the proceeding studies in this field.