Protective Construction of a Space Facility against Space Debris Impact in the medium velocity range of 3 to 6km/s

这项研究涉及到空间设施免受人造碎片--空间碎片的影响。保护是通过安装在空间设施主墙前的惠普尔型保险杠来实现的。在撞击速度超过5公里/S的情况下，来自保险杠的二次碎片和撞击的空间碎片必须熔化和/或汽化，主墙只会受到轻微破坏。为此，研制了一种即使在撞击速度低于5公里/S的情况下也能有效工作的保险杠的研制，在此过程中会产生二次固体碎屑并对主墙造成硬损伤。通过对速度为3~4公里/S的锰铝球撞击保险杠进行了碰撞模拟，该弹的质量密度为5.1g/cm~3，直径为1 mm。保险杠与想象中的主墙之间的距离为50毫米。几张复写纸和白纸交替层叠在主w…上更重要的是。保险杠由2024铝合金板材和氮化铝烧结板组成。每块钢板厚度为1 mm。通过追踪碳纸上的指纹观察了主壁上二次碎屑的分布。用自制闪光灯对保险杠上的二次碎屑进行了高速摄影现场观察，在撞击速度超过2公里/S的情况下，保险杠上产生了一些纯铝合金的固体碎屑，在主墙上造成了斑点损伤。相比之下，仅含氮化铝的保险杠产生粉状固体碎片，对主墙造成轻微损坏。此外，有趣的是，在合适的保险杠厚度和撞击速度条件下，氮化铝保险杠上的二次碎片分布在密度较高的皮带上。该项目表明，由前铝合金板和后AlN板组成的保险杠有效地抑制了大体积固体碎片的产生。较少

This reseach is concerned with the protection of a space facility against impact of artifical fragment, space debris. The protection was performed by an Whipple-type bumper which would be set in front of a main wall of the space facility. In the case of impact velocity over 5km/s, second debris originating from the bumper and an impacting space debris must be melted and/or vaporized, and the main wall could be only slightly damaged. Thus, this is the research on the development of a bumper working effectively even in the impact velocity range under 5km/s in which second solid debris will be produced and cause hard damage on the main wall.Impact simulation were carried out through the impact of a MnAl sphere on a bumper in the velocity range of 3 to 4km/s. The MnAl projectile had the mass density of 5.1g/cm^3 and diameter of 1mm. The distance between the bumper and an imaginary main wall was 50mm. Several sheets of carbon paper and white paper were laminated in alternation on the main w … More all. The Bumper was composed of a 2024 Al alloy plate and a AlN sintered one. The thickness of each plate was 1mm. The distribution of secondary debris on the main wall was observed by tracing prints from the carbon papers. In-situ observation of the secondary debris from the bumper was carried out by high-speed photograph with a hand-made flash-light source.In the case of impact velocity of over 2km/s, some of solid debris were produced from a bumper made of only Al alloy, and they caused damage in spots on the main wall. On the contray, powderlike solid debris were produced from a bumper of only AlN,and they caused slight damage on the main wall. In addition, it is interesting very much that secondary debris from a bumper of AlN distribute in a belt with relatively high density under proper conditions of bumper plate thickness and impact velocity. This project revealed that a bumper composed of a front Al alloy plate and a rear AlN one acts effectively to suppress the production of large solid debris. Less