Commparative Study of Political and Administrative Center-Local Relations in Scandinavia and in Japan

本研究的目的在于探讨北欧国家与日本在行政层面与政治历史层面的中心-地方关系。定量数据的一个重要发现是，斯堪的纳维亚国家经历了公社的急剧减少，这导致建立了有足够资源提供普遍福利的地方政府。这与日本的统合型国家组织形成了鲜明的对比。日本的统合型国家组织虽然有灵活的地方中央-地方关系，但似乎存在不负责任的政府关系和裙带主义。我们的结论是，北欧地方政府模式是由社会民主党的自由计划塑造的。这些计划源于战争期间瑞典人口政策或挪威反对纳粹占领政权的流亡劳工运动的反计划所设想的社会结构。但是，权力下放和私有化的压力正在改变这种由社会民主集中制计划的福利地方主义。

The purpose of this research is to investigato the center-local relation in the Scandinavian countrics and in Japan not only in administrative dimension but also in politico-historical dimension. An important finding from quantitative data is that the scandinavian sates have experienced drastic reduction of Kommuns, which resulted in creating local governments with sufficient resources to provide universal welfare. This makes contrast with the Japanese consolidated state organzsation, which has been said to have an flexible local center-local relation but otherwise seems to suffer from irrersponsible government relations and clientelism.Our conclusion is that the nordic model of local government has shaped by the discretional plan of the social democratic parties. Those plan emanated from f social architecture envisaged during the war by the swedish population policy or the nowegian counter plan of the excil labor movement against Nazi-occupated regime. But the pressure for decentralization and privatization is making change on this welfare localism planned by the social democratic centralism.