Study on Honami wave and turbulent transports within and above plant canopie

1993年和1994年，用涡旋相关方法测量了小麦和水稻冠层内部和上方的动量通量、感热通量、水汽通量和二氧化碳通量。测量了植物茎的应变率来估计植物的振动。利用热示踪仪和摄像机观测了植物冠层的表面温度和Honami波现象。利用光电二极管和星度计获得的数据，对水稻冠层内的光波动和水稻植株的振动进行了分析。小麦植株的自然振荡随植株生长阶段的不同而变化，水稻冠层上的潜热通量占主导地位，而感热通量在白天往往是下降的。通过与微气象模拟模型结果的比较，验证了这一现象。利用9313号台风期间获得的数据，对植物振动进行了频谱分析。台风对农作物的破坏总量与水稻植株移位的能量成正比。结果表明，在植物剧烈振动的中风条件下，随着Honami波的通过，水稻冠层表面温度降低，感热、二氧化碳和水汽大量输送。植物冠层内和冠层上方各数量通量的方向和相对大小取决于它们的源和汇的分布。这些结果被总结在科学研究资助项目的报告中。

In 1993 and 1994, turbulent fluxes of momentum, sensible heat, water vapor and carbon dioxide were measured within and above wheat and rice plant canopies, using the eddy correlation methods. The strain rate of culm of plants was measured to estimate a plant vibration. The surface temperature and honami wave phenomena of plant canopies were observed by a thermotracer and a video camera. Light fluctuations within rice plant canopies and vibration of rice plant were analyzed, using data obtaind by photo diode and starain gauge. The natural oscillation of a wheat plant chaged, depending on growing stages of plant.The latent heat flux was predominant above rice plant canopies.On the other hand, sensible heat fluxes often became downward in daytimes. This phenomenon was examined, by comparing them with results obtained by micrometeorological simulation model. The spectral analysis of plant vibration was made, using data obtained during the passage of Typhoon 9313. The total amounts of damages of crops by the Typhoon increased in proportional to energy of displacement of rice plants. The results quantitatively showed that sensible heat, carbon dioxide and water vapor were largely transported under moderate wind conditions, in which plants vibrated violently and that surface temperatures of rice plant canopies decreased with the passage of honami waves. The direction and relative magnitude of fluxes of each quantity within and above plant canopies were different, depending on distributions of source and sink of them.These results were summarized in the report of research propject, grant-in-aid for scientific research.