Formation, Change and Planning of the Color of Townscape in Historic Districts-Analysis of Painted Colors in Layrs of Western Style Buildings of Timber and Wood Siding-

本报告旨在从考古学的角度研究日本自19世纪世纪中期开放自由贸易以来，在接受西方文明产品的历史街区中建筑物的色彩，以及如何规划城市景观的色彩。主要方法如下：1.战前在函馆的西部历史街区和科比的北野山本历史街区建造了大量木墙板和油漆的西式建筑，我们用防水砂纸对这些历史建筑的墙面、窗框等表面进行擦洗，挖掘出它们的油漆层，并进行收集和对比分析。2.用计算机图形学模拟历史建筑的色彩，结果如下：1.画层呈现同心色环，我们提出了“时间色环”的新概念，并将其定义为代表每个时代的各个方面，2.城市景观的色彩发生了显著的变化，与现在的色彩相比，历史色彩显得出人意料、多样而丰富，与江户时代形成的历史街区色彩的控制和统一不同，3.色彩的变化是受时代潮流的影响，如最后一次战争和社区色彩形成机制的影响。要创造一个丰富的、有特色的城市景观，就需要一个新的社区色彩构成系统，保持色彩的变化和多样性，实现时代、环境、个体和色彩之间的创造性关系。5.城市景观的色彩代表着社区中的居民身份和共同价值，在社区设计和社区发展中发挥着重要的参与作用。

This report aims to study archeologically the color of buildings in the historic districts where the products of western civilization were adopted in Japan since it had been first opened to free foreign trade in the mid-19th century, and how to plan the color of townscape.The main methods are as follows :1.Numbers of the western style buildings of wood siding and paint had been built in the West Historic District of Hakodate and Kitano Yamamoto Historic District of Kobe before the last war, and many of them remain today.We excavate the paint layrs of these historical buildings by scrubbing the surface of clapboard, window frame etc.with water-resistant sandpaper, and collect and comparatively analyze them.2.Simulating the historic colors by computer graphics.The results may be summarized as follows :1.The paint layrs appeared as concentric color circles, which we propose a new concept "temporal color rings", and define as it represent the various aspects of each of times, environment and individual as strata.2.The paint colors of townscape have been changibg remarkably.Compared with the presenr colors, the historic ones are unexpected, diverse and rich.They are different from the controlled and unified colors in the historic districts which were formed in Edo era, and make a characteristic townscape rather than a harmonious one.3.The change of the colors is caused by the influence of the current of the times such as the last war and the color formation system in community.4.For the purpose of making a rich and a characteristic townscape, it is necessary for a new color formation system in community to keep the change and diversity of the colors and to bring about creative relationships among times, environment, individual and colors.5.The paint colors of townscape represent incividual's identity and common worth in community, and play an important part in community design and development with participation.