Soziale Identität in Agentenbasierten Modellen (SIAM)

计算社会科学，包括社会模拟，是一种快速增长的范式，允许各种复杂的社会理论形式化。然而，日益成熟的社会模拟社区面临着为模型开发制定标准和方法的挑战，包括如何在对人类行为建模时挑选和实施行为理论。虽然制定了ABM的记录标准，并存在模型交换平台，但社区才刚刚开始应对挑战，即开发一套适用于人类行为建模的不同情况的形式化理论。选择如何在模型中表示人类行为是至关重要的，因为微妙的不同假设可能会导致截然不同的结果。在将人类行为和决策正式化时，一个特别的需要是社会背景的重要性--代表人们可能如何在特定的背景和社会-物理情况下决定做什么。这里困难的部分原因是，这取决于个人身份和他们所处的社会状况之间的复杂关系。SIAM的目的是为形成一种广泛适用的社会心理理论做出贡献，该理论结合了社会背景--社会认同方法--用于基于主体的模型(ABM)。社会认同理论指的是社会认同理论(Tajfel&Turner，1979)和自我归类理论(Turner et al.，1987)的结合。SIA提出，人们对自我的概念有很大一部分来自他们所属的社会群体，社会认同是集体行为的基本基础。SIA调查个人如何以及何时作为群体的成员而不是个人来感受、思考和行动。我们的目标是建立这种方法的基本形式化，以适应不同的情况和ABM。为此，SIAM包括使用和改进SIA的模型师和社会和环境心理学家。我们希望共同构建SIA基本部分的正式模型-或标准化SIA部分套件(如身份或显著度计算)，并将其公开提供(连同完整的文档)。我们相信，适用于不同情况和情况的SIA的正规化是可以实现的，并且满足对更形式化的行动者模型的需求。为行为者产生替代的社会认知模型将鼓励社会科学模型者考虑这些新的、社会的、选项，因此不仅是默认的(例如，理性行为者模型)。总而言之，SIAM将产生i)使用社会认同理论的ABM审查论文(基于我们已经进行的初步审查)；ii)SIA的概念模型(SET)形式化；以及iii)在2021年社会模拟大会上讨论我们的结果的研讨会。

Computational social sciences, including social simulation, is a fast growing paradigm allowing a variety of complex social theory to be formalised. However, the maturing social simulation community is facing the challenge of developing standards and methods for model development, including how to pick and implement behavioural theories when modelling human behaviour. While standards for the documentation of ABMs are developed and platforms for model exchange exists, the community is only starting to address the challenge of developing a set of formalized theories suitable for application to the diverse situations in which human behaviour is modelled. Choosing how to represent human behaviour in a model is critical, as subtly different assumptions can result in very different outcomes. One particular need when formalising human behaviour and decision-making is the significance of social context – representing how people might decide what to do within a specific context and social-physical situation. Part of the reason for the difficulty here is that this depends upon the complex relationship between the individual’s identity and the social situation they inhabit. The purpose of SIAM is to contribute towards formalising a widely applicable social-psychological theory incorporating social context – the social identity approach – for the use in agent-based models (ABMs). The Social Identity approach (SIA) refers to the combination of Social Identity Theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) and Self-Categorization Theory (Turner et al., 1987). SIA proposes that people derive a significant part of their concept of self from the social groups they belong to and that social identification is a fundamental basis for collective behaviour. SIA investigates how and when individuals come to feel, think and act as members of a group rather than as individuals. Our aim is to build a basic formalisation of this approach that is adaptable to different situations and ABMs. To this end, SIAM comprises both modellers and social and environmental psychologists that use and advance SIA. Together we want to build a formalized model of the essential parts of SIA – or suite of standardized SIA parts (such as identity or salience calculation) and make this publically available (together with a throughout documentation). We are convinced that a formalisation of SIA that is applicable for different cases and situations and that meets the need for more formalized actor models is achievable. Producing alternative socio-cognitive models for actors will encourage social science modellers to consider these new, social, options and so not only the default ones (e.g., the rational actor model). In summary, SIAM will produce i) a review paper of ABMs using the social identity theory (building upon a preliminary review we have already conducted); ii) a conceptual model (set) formalization of SIA; and iii) a workshop at the Social Simulation Conference 2021 discussing our results.