A educational study of Life Environment Studies : Focussing on instruction and evaluation.

摘要本研究旨在从教育心理学的角度来探讨生命环境研究，并著重于教学与评估。结果表明：1)多所先进小学在生命环境研究课程中采用了成绩单中的教育目标评价；2)在永久累积记录的三个观点中，“意识”和“兴趣、意志和态度”难以评价。3)教学中很少使用生命环境学教材。4)教师理解学过生命环境学的学生在表达能力和创造力上都比没有学过的学生稍好，但也理解前者在心态上比后者稍差。5)生命环境研究的评价方法多种多样。6)“成绩单和永久累积记录的评价”和“适合个人需要的教学方法”是许多教师指出的难题。7)明确了三年级理科和社会学教学中存在的问题。8)介绍了六所学校生命环境研究的年度教学计划。9)提出了生命环境研究的指导思想。最后，对全文进行了概述，并对存在的问题进行了讨论。

The purpose of this study was to research Life Environment Studies from the viewpoint of educational psychology, focussing on instruction and evaluation.Main results were as follows :1) Evaluation of educational objectives in report card was adopted at many advanced elementary schools for Life Environment Studies.2) Among three viewpoints of permanent cumulative record, "Awareness" and "Interest, Volition, and Attitude" were found difficult to evaluate.3) Textbooks for Life Environment Studies were hardly used at teaching.4) Teachers comprehend that pupils who learned Life Environment Studies are slightly better, in both expressive power and creative power, than pupils who didn't learn it, but they also comprehend that the formers are slightly inferior to the latters in the presence of mind.5) Various methods were used for evaluation of Life Environment Studies.6) "Evaluation in report card and permanent cumulative record" and "Instructional method appropriate for the need of an individual" are pointed out by many teachers as difficult problems.7) The problems for instruction of science and social studies at three graders are clarified.8) Annual instructional plans of Life Environment Studies at six schools are introduced.9) Making instruction of Life Environment Studies are proposed.Finally, the general survey is given, and the remaining problems are discussed.