Uptake of Cardenolides from Oleander Leaves by Daphnis nerii

一种丝状苔藓--瑞香苔藓--已经在冲绳群岛定居下来。虽然Dnerii的幼虫以夹竹桃树叶为食，似乎能够从夹竹桃中摄取Cardenolide，但幼虫似乎保留了隐秘的颜色。为了了解胡萝卜内酯在蠕虫体内的传递途径，对夹竹桃幼虫末龄幼虫及其果肉和夹竹桃原叶中的胡萝卜素进行了比较分析，并在虫浆和果肉提取液中检测到叶片中的大部分挥发油内酯为其对应的单侧基团。从果胶中以异常高的得率得到阿黛纳林，以及9个卡地那内酯单苷：脱乙酰齐墩果苷、观赏花苷A、16-阿德纳林、齐墩果苷A、橙皮苷、橙皮苷、8-β-羟基橙皮苷A和5-α-阿德纳林。虫匀浆和粗提物的高效液相图谱相似，但有微小的差异，例如虫体中没有Delta；；16；-adynerin，而两种来源中齐墩果苷的峰高，表明虫体中摄取并积累了少量的齐墩果苷。然而，由于蠕虫保留了隐秘的颜色，因此蠕虫中的隆起内酯的毒性可能不足以阻止捕食者的攻击。从夹竹桃叶中产生的蠕虫体内的两种主要成分阿迪纳林和熊果酸的作用，以及阿德纳林和乌索酸在其中的作用，还有待进一步研究。

A Sphingidous moss, Daphnis nerii L., has settled in Okinawa Islands. Although the larvae of D.nerii feed on oleander leaves and seem to be able to take in cardenolides from oleander, the larvae appear to retain cryptic color. In order to know the pass way of the cardenolides in the worms of D.nerii, comparative analysis of the cardenolides in the final-instar larvae and their frass, and those of the original oleander leaves was attempted.Most of the cardenolide triosides in the leaves were detected as their corresponding monosides in the worm-homogenate and the frass-extract. From the frass, adynerin was obtained in the unusual high yield, along with nine cardenolide monosides, deacetyloleandrin, odoroside A,DELTA^<16>-adynerin, oleaside A,nerigoside, neriaside, 8beta-hydroxyodoroside A and 5alpha-adynerin. Showing similar HPLC patterns, slight difference between the worm-homogenate and the frass-exract was observed, e.g.the absence of DELTA^<16>-adynerin in the worms and the peak hight of oleandrin in the two sources, suggested that a small amount of cardenolides was taken and accumulated in the worms. The toxicity of the cardenolides in the worms, however, may be insufficient to prevent attack from predators, since the worms retain cryptic color. Excretion of a large amount of adynerin in the frass and roles of adynerin and ursolic acid, two major ingredients in the worms originated from oleander leaves, are to be investigated, furthermore.