Studies on the heredity of genotypes and chromosome types in cultured cells of annual plants with lower chromosome numbers.

据说，液氮法便于植物长期保存，保持与母株相同的基因型。但除了保存种子外，这种方法并不普遍应用。在此基础上，开发了冷冻保存的简单程序(Taniguchi等人。1988)利用Tanaka和Ikeda(1983)发现的无性系繁殖组织--“芽原基”。本研究将更多的植物应用于该方法，以利于基因库的系统化，并对许多物种进行诱导形成芽原基的能力，以应用于基因资源的系统化。在所研究的89种植物中，有66种产生了枝原基。对以菊科植物为主的9种植物进行了超低温保存试验，9种植物均获得了较高的成活率。以上胚轴愈伤组织为材料，诱导出悬浮细胞，建立了经茎原基阶段再生植株的无性系繁殖体系。为了检查冷冻保存的条件，重要的是在解冻后尽早判断细胞是否活着。因此，建立了一种新的测定细胞分裂活性的方法--标记抗体法，而通用的FDA染色方法。这两种方法都为悬浮细胞的超低温保存找到了适宜的条件，因此，有必要利用茎原基完成超低温保存的系统化，而其他培养系统，包括单细胞培养，将在需要时应用于其特定的特性。

It is said that liquid nitrogen method is convenient to preserve plants for a long period, maintaining the same genotype as mother plants. But this method is not generally applied except for the preservation of seeds. Upon this, simple procedure for cryopreservation was developed (Taniguchi et al. 1988) by using "shoot primordia", clonally propagating tissue found by Tanaka and Ikeda (1983). In this study, more plant species were applied to this method, facilitating systematization of gene bank.Many species were tested to be induced into shoot primordia on the capacity for the application to systematization of gene resources. Shoot primordia were yielded in 66 species out of 89 species examined. Cryopreservation method were examined on 9 species, mainly in the Compositae, and high frequencies of survive were successfully obtained on all of 9 species.Suspended cells of Crepis capillaris were also induced from upper hypocotyl callus as the material of cryopreservation, and the system of clonal propagation to regenerate into plants through the stage of shoot primordia was established. In order to examine the conditions for cryopreservation, it was important to judge the cells being alive or not as early as possible after thawing. Thus, a new method for the determination of cell-division activity by labeled antibody method was developed, while a general method of FDA staining. By using these two method, adequate conditions for the cryopreservation of suspended cells were found.Hence it is necessary to complete the systematization of cryopresevation by using shoot primordia, while other culture system, including single-cell culture, will be applied when their specific characters will be expected.