Paracrine control by immune cells on the expression of gonadal function

可以认为，排卵和黄体化分别是局部炎症反应和随后的创伤形成。在排卵期，巨噬细胞侵入并停留在黄体黄体化后。然而，它们的功能尚不清楚。为明确其功能，在月经周期的不同天数切除大鼠脾，观察其对排卵的影响。在流星期早晨切除脾的大鼠出现排卵延迟一天的现象。雌鼠孕酮和20 -二氢孕酮浓度分别高于正常循环大鼠和低于正常循环大鼠。由于早衰时黄体酮浓度高，使黄体生成素激增的出现时间延长，从而诱发排卵，脾切除术后排卵延迟可能与黄体酮浓度高有关。这种延迟排卵的脾切除在流星的日子是克服移植脾脏从流星大鼠。这些结果提示侵入黄体的脾细胞促进黄体溶解。在大鼠中，催乳素通过抑制黄体中20 α -羟基类固醇脱氢酶的活性来抑制黄体功能的退化。催乳素的这种促黄体活性尚未在体外得到证实。我们用巨噬细胞培养黄体细胞来检测催乳素的作用。将假孕大鼠黄体细胞与孕鼠巨噬细胞共同培养48 h，观察催乳素对20 -羟基类固醇脱氢酶的抑制作用。这些数据表明黄体细胞的功能受包括巨噬细胞在内的脾细胞的旁分泌控制。

It can be taken that ovulation and luteinization are a local inflamatory reaction and succeeding trauma formation, respectively. At ovulation, macrophages invade into and stay in corpora lutea after luteinization. However, their function is not yet clear. To clarify the function, rats were splenectomized on different days of cycle, and the effect on ovulation was examined. Rats splenectomized in the morning of metestrus showed delay of ovulation by one day. On the day of diestrus their blood concentrations of progesterone and 20alpha-dihydroprogesterone were higher and lower than those in normally cycling rats, respectively. As high progesterone concentrations in the morning of diestrus prolong the appearance of LH surge which induces ovulation, the delay of ovulation after splenectomy may be caused by this high progesterone level.This delay of ovulation by splenectomy on the day of metestrus is overcome by grafting of spleens from metestrous rats. These results suggest that splenocytes which invade into corpora lutea promote luteolysis. In rats, prolactin inhibits the regression of luteal function by inhibition of the activity of 20alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in corpora lutea. This luteotropic actitivity of prolactin has not been confirmed in vitro. We examined this prolactin action by culturing luteal cells with macrophages. When luteal cells from pseudopregnant rats were cultured for 48 h with macrophages from metestrous rats, the inhibition of 20 -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase by prolactin was observed. All these data suggest that function of luteal cells are under paracrine control of splenocytes including macrophages.