A Study of Apocryphal-Thought in Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism during Medieval China

伪经思想在中国汉代得到了繁荣和发展，并与其他思想相联系。但我们只能从仍然存在于各种来源的碎片中看到它的一小部分，因为大多数来源都因政府的几项禁令而丢失。但从思想史的角度来看，伪经思想对中古中国的思想和宗教产生了广泛的影响。本课题以儒、释、道三教为源头，追踪伪经思想的影响与发展，分别从各自的专业领域进行探讨。宫泽、田中、渡井等人对道教的渊源进行了考察。在佛教领域，佐藤在唐代主要从事佛教伪经的研究，而在北方则是春本。在儒学领域，武田正从多个来源研究与三皇论 * 相关的伪经思想的转变，清水正孝则对《文训》评论中引用的文献进行研究。在宗教史领域，星野一郎将其思想与神秘主义思想、民间信仰联系起来进行考察。我们从各种来源中提取术语，并阐明对其他思想和宗教的影响。今田先生在对上述问题进行全面考察的基础上，进一步考察了唐代伪经思想的历史演变，发现伪经思想在《道藏》、《佛经》、《释文》、《儒释》等典籍中依然存在。可以说，玄学思想是中国中古时期重要的思想体系之一，其中包含五行思想和天文地理思想的资料虽不题名，但数量众多。

Apocryphal-Thought ** in China was flourished and developed during Han times, being connected with other thoughts. But we can only see a small part of it from fragments which are still existing in various sources, because most of the sources were lost by several governmental prohibitions. In view of the history of thought, however, it is said that the Apocryphal-thought widely had influence on the field of thought and religion in medieval China. In our project we followed the influence and development of Apocryphal-thought, being based on sources of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism.In this project, the investigators respectively approached the problem from each one's special field. The sources of Taoism was investigated by Miyazawa, Tanaka and Watarai. In the field of Buddhism, Sato was dealing with Buddhist apocryphal-sutra in T'ang period, and so to be Harumoto in Northern Wei period. In the field of Confucianism, Takeda was investigating the transition of the apocryphal-thought in relation to the Three Emperor theory *** in several sources, and Shimizu was investigating her study on the documents quoted in the commentary for Wen-hsun *** . In the field of history of religion, Hoshino was investigating its thought in relation with mysticism thought and folk-belief. We were extracting the terms from various sources and elucidate the influence on other thoughts and religions. Head investigator, Imaeda had rounded off all investigations mentioned above, furthermore he had considered the historic evolution of Apocryphal-thought in the sources of T'ang dynasty.As a result, we could find that Apocryphal-thought still exists in Taoist Canon, Buddhist apocryphal-sutra and Commentary, Gloss of Confucian texts and etc.. We may conclude that Apocryphal-thought was one of important ideology in medieval China, for there were many sources, though not titled, which contained the thought of Five-elements ** and of Astronomy and Geography as apocryphal-thought.