The acoustic and perceptual correlates of gender in children's voices

在青春期之前，女孩和男孩的发声器官在解剖学和生理学上几乎没有任何差异。然而，在青春期前的声音中，性别差异一再被发现，在某些情况下，从两岁半开始。此外，成年听众比Chance更能从孩子的声音中辨别性别。在个别情况下，识别率甚至超过90%，达到成人声音中的性别认知值。近年来，儿童性别的构建引起了越来越多的兴趣，尤其是因为德国和其他国家被诊断为性别焦虑症的儿童数量急剧增加。因此，对性别声音表达的研究不仅具有科学意义，而且具有很高的社会意义。在拟议的项目中，将在一项长期研究中调查青春期前声音中性别的知觉和声学相关性。同一小学生的录音将在三个时间点(一至三年级)进行。关于德语儿童的性别发声表达的研究很少，到目前为止，还没有长期的研究。

Until puberty there are hardly any anatomical and physiological differences in the vocal apparatus of girls and boys. Nevertheless, gender-specific differences have repeatedly been found in prepubertal voices, in some cases from the age of two and a half years. In addition, adult listeners are able to identify the sex from a child's voice better than chance. In individual cases, recognition even rises well above 90% and reaches gender recognition values otherwise found in adult voices.In recent years, the construction of gender in childhood has attracted increasing interest, not least due to a sharp increase in the number of children in Germany and other countries diagnosed with gender dysphoria. The study of the vocal expression of gender thus has a high social relevance as well as a scientific one. In the proposed project, the perceptual and acoustic correlates of gender in prepubertal voices will be investigated in a long-term study. Recordings of the same primary school children will be made at three points in time (1st-3rd grade). There are only very few studies on the vocal expression of gender in children with German mother tongue and, as yet, no long-term study.