The Meaning of Married-out Daughters in Japanese Family System A Cultural Anthropological Study-of the Relationships between Parents and Daughters.

本研究的目的是通过考虑父母与出嫁女儿之间的关系来重新审视日本家庭。迄今为止，在这一观点上只作了很少的尝试。首先要考虑的对象是日本传统的民间社会，在那里，女儿与她们的出生家庭有着紧密的联系。为此，我们在山形县的大井镇、福井县的奥巴马市和新泻县的朝日村调查了几个社团。特别是在朝日村，我们在两个村庄做了田野调查，在过去，他们有不同的习俗模式，出嫁的女儿在结婚后的一段时间内要回娘家。在一个村子里，几乎每天晚上，已婚妇女都会和丈夫一起回到娘家放松一下。村里实行包办婚姻，夫妻婚前恋爱，夫妻关系亲密平等。在另一座别墅……更多的出嫁妇女在新年后回到娘家，在娘家呆上20天左右，为孩子和自己缝制衣服。在这段时间里，丈夫不去看望妻子，所以夫妻之间是孤立的。作为儿媳，妇女在夫家的地位很低。因此，很明显，访问出生家庭模式的差异与家庭成员的关系、婚姻模式和妇女的地位有关。在丈夫与妻子的出生家庭关系密切的社会中，女性的意愿受到尊重，夫妻关系牢固。这些行为和关系是与法律制度的原则相矛盾的。但朝日事件对于从夫妻关系和女性地位的角度重新审视日本家庭具有重要意义。第二个对象是当代城市社会中已婚妇女与父母的关系。我们收集了出嫁的女儿如何与父母同住，如何与不住在一起的父母发生性关系的资料。从这些数据可以看出，已婚妇女和她们的父母认为彼此是亲密和支持的人，在城市里他们也打算保持密切的联系。少

The purpose of this study is to re-examine Japanese family by considering the relationships between parents and married-out daughters. Only few attempts have so far been made at this viewpoint.The first obejct to be considered is the traditional Japanese folk societies at where daughters have the strong tie with thier natal familis. We have investegated several societies for this theme at Atsumi Town of Yamagata Prefecture, Obama City of Fukui Prefecture and Asahi Village of Niigata Prefecture. Specially, in Asahi Village we have done fieldwork at two villages, in former times they had different patterns of the custom that married-out daughters had visited their natal families in a certain period after marriage. At one village, almost every evening, the married women come back their natal families with their husbands to relax. The marriges are arranged within the village, the couples have love relationship before marriage, the conjugal relations are intimate and equal. At another villa … More ge married-out women come back and stay their natal families for about twenty days after New Year, and they sew the clothes of their children and themselves. In this period the husbands do not visit their wivies, so the couples are isolated. The women place low status in their husband's families as the daughters-in-law. Consequently, it is clear that the difference of the patterns of visiting natal family is related the family member's relationship, marriage pattern and women's status. In the society where the husbands become intimate with wives' natal families, the women's wishes are respected, and the couple's tie is strong. These behavior and relations are contradictory to the princple of le system. But the case of Asahi is vety important to re-examine Japanese family at the viewpoint of the tie of couple and the status of women.The second object is the relationship between the married women and their parents in contemporary urban soceity. We have collected the material how married dauthers share the same house with their parents and hold intercouse with the parents who do not live together. From these data one may say that married women and their parents recognize each other as intimate and support person, in the city they also intend to keep the close tie. Less