Advancing squaric acid amides as new electrode materials for energy storage - From novel small building blocks to organic polymers towards full organic batteries

作为第一个供资阶段的继续，该项目旨在结合合成和电化学专业知识，推动基于方酸酰胺衍生物的新的氧化还原活性小有机分子的开发，并将其并入聚合物中。然而，为了提高性能，特别是其能量密度，新型的稠合氧化还原活性方酸喹恶啉(SQX)分子将被研究，以扩大适合作为电化学储能材料的氧化还原活性聚合物的类别。这将包括：(I)将更复杂的2D甚至3D结构引入SQX分子，(Ii)通过设计新的扩展的芳香族SQX分子来更深入地了解π堆积的影响，(Iii)研究路易斯酸配位对SQX的羰基的影响，(Iv)SQX的脱氢氧化形成方酸喹恶啉衍生的负极材料，(V)将方酸的结构基元扩展一个或两个(CO)单元并研究相应的巴豆酸和罗二氮酸的酰胺，(Vi)随后的单体设计及其聚合，(Vii)合成适合于聚合后修饰的氧化还原活性分子，(Viii)合成适合于交联膜的氧化还原活性分子，(Ix)仔细的电化学评估氧化还原活性分子，(X)优化最有前景的活性材料的电解液组成，(Xi)开发先进的电极结构，(Ii)实现具有更高活性物质质量负载的电极，以及(Xiii)组装全有机电池单元。

In continuation of the first funding phase, this project aims at combining synthetic and electrochemical expertise to drive the development of new small redox-active organic molecules based on squaric acid amide derivatives and their incorporation within polymers. Yet, to improve the performance and in particular their energy density, new types of condensed redox-active squaric acid quinoxaline (SQX) molecules will be investigated to extend the class of redox-active polymers suitable as materials for electrochemical energy storage. This will include: (i) introducing more sophisticated 2D or even 3D architectures into the SQX molecules, (ii) gaining deeper insights into the effects of π stacking by designing novel extended aromatic SQX molecules, (iii) investigating the effect of Lewis acid coordination to the carbonyl groups of SQX, (iv) dehydrogenative oxidation of SQX to form squaric acid quinoxaline derived anode materials, (v) expanding the structural motif of squaric acids by one or two (CO) units and investigate the corresponding amides of croconic and rhodizonic acid, (vi) subsequent design of monomers and their polymerization, (vii) synthesis of redox-active molecules suitable for post-polymerization modification, (viii) synthesis of redox-active molecules suitable for cross-linked films, (ix) the careful electrochemical evaluation of the redox-active molecules, (x) optimization of the electrolyte composition for the most promising active materials, (xi) development of advanced electrode architectures, (xii) realization of electrodes with an increased active material mass loading, and (xiii) the assembly of fully organic battery cells.